Kev ntsuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv roj ntsha (txhawb thiab biocontrol cov yam ntxwv) ntawm Trichoplant biological khoom
Tam sim no, kev npaj roj ntsha raws li micromycetes ntawm cov genus tau siv dav hauv kev sib tua phytopathogenic microorganisms. Trichoderma Golovanova, 2008 .. Hais lus li cov neeg nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw ntuj thiab khoom neeg tsim, ua ntau sai hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov kab lis kev cai thiab xwm, ua qhov tsis-pathogenic rau cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj thiab tib neeg, nceb ntawm cov genus Trichoderma ua qhov yooj yim khoom siv rau txoj kev kawm thiab kev txhim kho raws li lawv cov kev ua haujlwm sib txawv ntawm txoj kev biocontrol ntawm phytopathogenic microorganisms Alexandrova, 2003; Colombet, 2007; Rudakov, 1981; Seiketov, 1982; Atef, 2011. Hauv qhov no, ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev tshawb nrhiav cov haujlwm tshiab kev tawm tsam Trichoderma thiab kev tsim nyob rau lawv lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha muaj txiaj ntsig tshiab, nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm cov xim tseem ceeb ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm.
Txij li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog kev siv micromycetes Trichoderma ntevibrachiatum Raws li tus neeg sawv cev biocontrol, cog lus rau kev tsim cov khoom siv roj ntsha, nws tsis pom tias lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog kom ntsuas cov biocontrol thiab txhawb cov khoom ntawm Trichoplant biological khoom raws li Trichoderma ntevibrachiatum Gf 2/6
Cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev loj hlob-txhawb cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha tau ua tiav raws li lub chaw soj nstuam ntawm NPO Biotehsoyuz hauv 2014 nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sim cov nroj tsuag ntawm qhov Rhiav ntawm Agrochemistry, 2001. Cov noob ntoo thiab cov noob ntoo tau siv ua cov khoom ntawm kev kawm (Cucumis sativus L.) ntau yam Phoenix 640, lub caij ntuj no cov nplej nquag (Triticum aestivum L., txawv. erythrospermum) ntau yam Zagrava, txiv lws suav (Lycopersicon esculentum Zeb.) Agate ntau yam.
Txoj kev kawm txog kev loj hlob-txhawb lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntshaCov. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj TRIHOPLANT rau cov noob kev cog qoob loo thiab cov txheej txheem kev cog qoob loo tau nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm cov noob tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov tshuaj nrog spore titer tsawg kawg 1 × 105 CFU / cm3(1.0% daws ntawm cov khoom tiav) thiab khom siv dej (tswj). Rau tag nrho cov khoom tshawb, cov ntsuas hauv qab no tau raug soj ntsuam: kev tsim lub zog thiab noob kev tawm tswv yim raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam ntawm GOST 12038-84, kev ua phooj ywg, kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm Puthorov, 2013; Ugubnov, 2014 thiab lub zog ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov noob thaum pib cog qoob loo ntawm Karpin cov xuab zeb, 2012. Hauv cov noob ntoo thiab nroj tsuag, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sim cov nroj tsuag, qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw sab saud thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom seem nyob hauv av puab ntawm hnub 7, 14 thiab 21 hnub ntawm kev cog qoob loo, tshawb nrhiav tau kawm qhuav thiab biomass biomass. Txhawm rau loj hlob ntawm kev ua tsiaj hauv kab lis kev cai hauv qab kuaj kev cog qoob loo, tsob ntoo cog tau pauv mus rau cov khoom siv kaus poom nrog nominal muaj peev xwm ntawm 550-560 ml muaj 500 cm3 pob zeb hauv av daws Pryanishnikov Practicum ..., 2001. Nroj tsuag tau cog nrog 16-teev thaij duab, ntawm phytoluminostat nrog ob txoj kab ntsug ntawm txoj kev teeb pom kev zoo nrog LD-30W lub teeb ntawm lub teeb hloov ntawm 130 W / m2.
Txoj kev kawm txog cov khoom lag luam biocontrol ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntshaCov. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha Trichoplant tau kawm txog kev sim ua qauv siv cov kab lis kev cai ntshiab ntawm kev lim kev tsim khoom Trichoderma ntevibrachiatum GF 2/6 thiab micytomcetes phytopathogenic (Cladosporium diberinum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora infestans, Lwm sp.) cais tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau cov kab mob: spike fusarium, fusarium wilt, alternariosis, rhizoctoniosis, thiab lwm yam Kev mob siab rau kev cuam tshuam nrog phytopathogenic micromycetes tau txiav txim siab los ntawm ob hom kab lis kev cai ntawm qos-glucose agar (GOST 12044-93) raws li cov qauv piav qhia hauv lub monograph Rudakova (1981, p. 44, raws li tau kho). Kev ua hauj lwm zoo T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog phytopathogenic micromycetes, qhia hauv ntau hom kev sib txuam, raug tshuaj xyuas thiab cim raws li cov lus siv piav qhia hauv Pat. SU No. 1671684 ntxiv nrog thiab hloov pauv. Txhawm rau tsim kev sib raug zoo microparasitic, kev npaj me me ntawm hom "tawg poob" tau npaj raws li cov qauv feem ntau lees txais hauv mycology, uas yog microscopic thiab yees duab siv siv LOMO MIKMED-6 var 7 microscope nrog cov khoom siv sib luag theem.
Cov kev loj hlob-txhawb lub zog ntawm Trichoplant biological khoom. Raws li pom los ntawm kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam lom neeg TRIHOPLANT, lub zog tawm tswv yim tau nce los ntawm 3.0-12.5%, thiab kev muaj noob cov noob ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tau nce los ntawm 7.7-19.0% (Cov Lus 1).
Cov lus 1. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Trichoplant biological khoom rau ntawm kev hloov lub zog ntawm kev cog qoob loo thiab kev tawm ntawm cov noob ntawm cov qoob loo ntau yam (X ± Sx)Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb pom, nyob rau hauv qhov kev cuam tshuam los ntawm TRIHOPLANT cov khoom siv roj ntsha, cov ntsuas zoo li cov noob kab mob kev sib raug zoo tau nce (los ntawm 0.8-1.4%, Cov Lus 2), tab sis lub sijhawm nruab nrab rau ib lub noob tawm (cov noob qes nce ntxiv los ntawm 0, 6-1.0 hnub, rooj 3). Kev kho cov noob nrog Trichoplant txheeb raws roj ntsha kuj muaj qhov ua rau lub zog muaj peev xwm los tsim cov noob muaj zog: lub zog loj hlob nce 0.5-2.4 rel. (tab. 5).
Cov lus 2. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Trichoplant biological khoom ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua phooj ywg ntawm cov noob cog qoob loo ntawm ntau cov qoob loo (X ± Sx) 
Cov lus 3. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Trichoplant txheeb raws roj ntsha ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm noob cov noob tshuaj tua kab ntawm ntau cov qoob loo (X ± Sx)Raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm kev tshawb fawb, Phoenix 640 dib ntau yam yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kev ua ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha, hauv kev sib txuas nrog uas, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau ua rau kab lis kev cai no. Kev tshawb nrhiav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj TRIHOPLANT ntawm qhov siab ntawm huab cua qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag dib nyob rau 7, 14 thiab 21 hnub tau pom tias, piv nrog kev tswj cov kev hloov ntawm qhov sim, qhov siab ntawm huab cua qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm Phoenix 640 ntau yam nyob rau hnub 7 thiab 14 hnub nce 12.5-39.1% (cov lus. 5).
Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias, piv nrog kev tswj hwm, kev kho mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag dib nrog cov khoom lag luam lom Trichoplant ua rau muaj qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntub ntawm cov feem ntawm huab cua los ntawm 21.7% thiab ntub dej ntawm lub cev los ntawm 2.2%. Kev kho mob trichoplant tseem ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv cov cog ntoo biomass: hauv kev sib piv nrog kev tswj, qhov hnyav ntawm cov pa nruab nrab tau nce los ntawm 0.12 g (41.7%), thiab cov huab hwm coj ntawm lub hauv paus, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, poob qis los ntawm 0.019 g (lossis 5.9%) ( rooj 6).
Cov lus 4. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Trichoplant biological khoom rau ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob qoob loo loj hlob ntawm ntau cov qoob loo (X ± Sx) 
Cov lus 5. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Trichoplant biological khoom rau ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm Phoenix 640 cucumbers nrog ib qho kev kho mob hauv paus 
Cov lus 6. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Trichoplant txheeb raws roj ntsha ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txuam nrog biomass los ntawm cov nroj tsuag dib ntawm Phoenix 640 ntau yamBiocontrol cov yam ntxwv ntawm lim Trichoderma ntevibrachiatum Gf 2/6Cov. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lim Trichoderma ntevibrachiatum GF 2/6, hauv kev tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab xaum ntawm phytopathogenic micromycetes - pathogens ntawm tracheomycosis, fusarium, hauv paus thiab qhov chaw, ua piv txwv Fusarium avenaceum, F. solani thiab F. sporotrichioides; Alternaria sp., Phytophthora infestans, Rhizoctonia solani, Cladosporium diberinum tsom uas T. longibrachiatum pib txij li peb hnub ntawm kev sib koom ua ke nrog phytopathogens, nws ua kom pom qhov kev tiv thaiv fungistatic hwv txwv, txwv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib pawg ntawm phytopathogens nyob rau saum nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus nruab nrab (Daim duab 1).
Nyob rau hnub 4 - 5 hnub ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, qhov kev txo qis ntawm thaj chaw loj hlob ntawm lub colony ntawm pathogens ntawm mycoses nrog qhov pib ntawm kev tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab alimentary antagonism tau sau tseg rau tag nrho cov hom kev kawm, uas nyob rau hnub 7 tau ua kom pom tias muaj kev nce qib ntawm tonyhoderma ntawm lub colony ntawm pathogens (Daim Duab 1, 2) Cov. Nrog rau kev cog qoob loo ntxiv, cov kob ntawm phytopathogens tau tag nrho los ntawm Trichoderma colony, thiab kev kuaj mob me me ntawm cov kob zoo li no tau muab daim duab ntawm cov cab ncaj qha Trichoderma ntawm phytopathogen (Daim duab 5).
Daim duab. 1. Cov nyhuv ntawm Trichoderma longibrachiatum GF 2/6 ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm phytopathogenic micromycetes - pathogens ntawm tracheomycosis, fusariosis, olive spotting, rhizoctonia, alternariosis thiab blight lig. 
Daim duab. 2. Hloov hauv morphology ntawm cov kob ntawm phytopathogenic micromycetes thaum lawv sib koom ua ke nrog T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 rau 7 hnub: a - Fusarium avenaceum, b - Fusarium solani, c - Fusarium sporotrichioides, d - Cladosporium diberinum, e - Phytophthora infest - Rhizoctonia solani, w-Alternaria sp. 
Daim duab. 3. Alimentary fungistatic antagonism (ncaj qha kab mob) ntawm T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 (nthuav dav × 16): a - thaj tsam kev loj hlob ntawm Trichoderma pawg; b - Trichoderma kev loj hlob thiab thaj chaw parasitism ntawm F. solani (I) lossis F. sporotrichioides (II); c - pawg ntawm F. solani (I) lossis F. sporotrichioides (II). 
Daim duab. 4. Ncauj lus ncaj qha rau T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov pawg ntawm Cladosporium diberinum (a), Phytophthora infestans (b), Rhizoctonia solani (c) (thaj tsam × 16) 
Daim duab. 5. Cov Hyphae ntawm T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 (qhia los ntawm cov xib xub) uas nkag rau phytopathogenic micromycete mycelium hyphae Rhizoctonia solani (magn. × 1600)Xaus Yog li, raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nws tau tsim tawm tias kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov nplej, dib thiab noob txiv lws suav tiv thaiv cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha TRIHOPLANT tsub kom lub noob cov noob tawm zog los ntawm 3-12%, cov noob tawm ntawm cov qoob loo li 7-19%, thiab pab ua kom cov noob loj hlob ntxiv los ntawm 0, 5-2.4%. Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias cov khoom lag luam lom neeg TRIHOPLANT, muaj qhov kev cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag dib. Nyob hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib qho kev kho mob, qhov siab ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw ib sab tau nce thaj tsam li 25.8%, qhov hnyav ntub ntawm qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw sab saud tau nce 21%, thiab kev txuam nrog ntawm cov teeb meem qhuav los ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag dib tau nce 41.7%.
Kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm biocontrol cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntsiab cai nquag ntawm cov khoom lag luam roj ntsha LICHOPLANT - micromycete Trichoderma ntevibrachiatum lim GF 2/6 tawm tsam phytopathogenic micromycetes Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Cladosporium diberinum, Phytophthora infestans, Rhizoctonia solani thiab Alternaria sp. pom tias hom no tau muaj kev paub tseeb ntawm kev siv roj ntsha, xws li i.e. nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau lub kawm pathogens ntawm cov nroj tsuag kab mob kev nthuav qhia biocontrol thaj chaw uas qhia nyob rau hauv ncaj qha parasitism (fungistatic alimentary antagonism) nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo Ph. infestans, Rh. solani, C. diberinum, F. sporotrichioides, F. solani, F. avenaceum, thiab Alternaria sp; fungistatic tshuaj tua kab mob thiab thaj chaw thaiv kev thaiv kev ua yeeb yam - txwv thiab txwv txoj kev txhim kho mycelium ntawm phytopathogens hauv kev sib raug zoo F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. sporotrichioides, C. diberinum, Ph. infestans, Rh. solani thiab Alternaria sp.
Sidyakin A.I., Filonenko V.A. - NGO Biotechsoyuz.
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