Dab tsi xav tau rau kev noj haus ntawm gladioli?

Gladioli muaj lub caij cog qoob loo ntev, thaum lub sijhawm lawv haus los ntawm ib puag ncig nrog kev pab los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav thiab ib feem dhau los ntawm nplooj ntawm cov as-ham los ntawm ntau cov tebchaw ntuj thiab chiv. Hauv cov khoom loj, lawv, zoo li txhua yam nroj tsuag, xav tau nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), poov tshuaj (K), qee qhov me me xav tau calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), hlau (Fe), sulfur (S) thiab lwm yam ntsiab lus. Cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig hauv qhov ntau yog hu ua theem pib, lossis macronutrients, noj hauv cov khoom me dua - cov kab kawm. Qhov kawg kuj suav nrog boron (B), manganese (Mn), tooj liab (Cu), zinc (Zn) molybdenum (Mo) thiab lwm tus.

Tsuas yog 65 xyoo dhau los, nws ntseeg tias txog kaum as-ham uas ua rau muaj feem ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag, xws li carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, calcium, calcium, magnesium, hlau thiab sulfur, txaus rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag ib txwm muaj. Tsis ntev los no, nws tau pom tseeb tias daim ntawv teev cov as-ham uas xav tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj ntau dav.

Gladiolus, qeb 'Ntsuab Hnub Qub'.

Raws li txoj cai, lub tebchaw ntawm calcium, sulfur, hlau thiab magnesium hauv av muaj kom ntau txaus rau cov kab lis kev cai ntawm gladioli. Yeej, cov ntoo zoo nkauj xav tau cov nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium, qee zaum calcium thiab magnesium. Thaum loj hlob gladioli hauv vaj tsev, tus cog qoob loo yuav txwv nws tus kheej rau kev siv cov chiv uas muaj peb lub ntsiab as-ham - nitrogen, phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj xav kom muaj qhov zoo ntawm inflorescences hais txog kev zoo nkauj thiab muaj hwj chim, koj yuav tsum siv cov chiv uas muaj ntau lwm cov as-ham.

Nyob rau hauv qee kis, koj tsis tuaj yeem muab khoom noj rau cov nroj tsuag yam tsis tau coj mus rau hauv tus account cov zaub mov hauv cov av. Yog li, txhua tus cog qoob loo ib xyoos ib zaug, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub loj heev - ib zaug txhua peb lub xyoos, yuav tsum nqa cov av ntawm nws lub xaib los txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas. Tau txais los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov zaub mov tseem ceeb hauv cov av ntawm nws qhov chaw, cov cog qoob loo tau tsim cov khoom noj zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv rau nws rooj plaub, thiab qhov no yuav tsum muaj kev paub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag kev noj zaub mov kom zoo.

Gladioli.

Cov yam ntxwv muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm gladioli

Qhov feem ntau xav tau gladioli rau nitrogen thiab poov tshuaj. Phosphorus lawv xav tau tsawg dua. Yog li no, qhov piv ntawm cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig (N: P: K) rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob ib txwm yuav tsum yog 1: 0.6: 1.8. Qhov no piv txog kev noj tag nrho. Nyob rau theem sib txawv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, kev muab txau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov khoom noj ib leeg hloov. Piv txwv li, thaum pib lub caij cog qoob loo, gladioli nitrogen xav tau ib zaug thiab ib nrab zaug ntau dua poov tshuaj, thiab tsib mus rau kaum zaug ntau dua phosphorus.

Nitrogen yog zoo dua noj los ntawm cov nroj tsuag gladiolus nyob rau hauv muaj phosphorus thiab potassium cov tebchaw. Qhov kev noj ntau tshaj plaws los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov khoom no pom thaum lub sij hawm txhim kho ib mus rau plaub nplooj hauv gladioli. Ib qho dhau ntawm nitrogen ua rau muaj kev ncua sij hawm pib tawg paj thiab lub cev tsis zoo nyob rau hauv qhov zoo ntawm cov paj ntawm sab saud, ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm lub peduncle thiab txo qis ntawm tsob ntoo tsis kam tiv thaiv tus kab mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj kev loj hlob muaj zog ntawm lub qia thiab nplooj yog sau tseg, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawd nws tau hais tias tsob nroj yog "qab".

Nrog rau tsis muaj nitrogen, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm gladioli tau ncua, kev ua paj tsis muaj zog. Qhov kawg yog qhia, tshwj xeeb, hauv kev txo qis ntawm cov paj hauv lub inflorescence. Tsis tas li, xim ntawm nplooj yog lub teeb ntsuab.

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawd thaum nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev txhim kho tsob nroj tsuas yog cov nitrogen chiv tau siv rau hauv kev tso tshuaj, qhov kev loj hlob tsis ploj mus ntev. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau neeg pluag kev loj hlob ntawm gladioli corms. Yog li tias txoj kev loj hlob ntxiv tom qab kev ua paj tsis txuas ntxiv, tab sis maj mam ploj mus, thaum lub sijhawm zoo li no nws zoo dua muab cov chiv nrog nitrogen chiv ua ke nrog phosphorus thiab potash. Nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus nitrogen ntau, qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm gladioli corms tuaj yeem dhau qhov qub, tab sis lawv muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv kev teeb tsa sab hauv, hnub nyoog nrawm dua, nroj tsuag loj hlob tsis muaj zog los ntawm lawv.

Yog tias cov neeg laus cov corms ntawm gladioli tau loj hlob (ob xyoos lossis laus dua), tom qab ntawd thaum thawj zaug ntawm kev txhim kho nws tsis tsim nyog pub nrog phosphoric chiv - cog khoom thiab av muab tag nrho cov kev xav tau ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Gladioli yog qhov xav tau ntawm cov zaub mov noj poov tshuaj, yog li cov nroj tsuag los ntawm cov neeg laus corms tau noj nrog nitrogen thiab potassium hauv thawj zaug lub sijhawm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Rau tus menyuam mos uas tsis muaj cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo li no, nws zoo dua los muab cov khoom tiav chiv, uas yog, muaj nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium.

Cov poov tshuaj yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv kev noj haus ntawm gladioli thoob plaws lub caij cog qoob loo, vim nws tau koom nrog hauv cov sib txuas uas muab kev txav ntawm cov kua txiv ntoo. Cov khoom no ua rau cov ntoo hauv cov huab cua thiab kab mob ntau dua qub. Yog tias cov poov tshuaj tsis txaus, ces cov nplooj qub ntawm gladioli muab rau tus hluas, thiab lawv tus kheej qhuav thiab tuag. Ua ntej tshaj, qhov npoo ntawm nplooj qhuav. Lub peduncle nyob rau tib lub sij hawm hlob tsis muaj zog, nws yog shortened.

Yog hais tias thaum lub sijhawm tsim los ntawm peb lossis plaub nplooj, thaum lub peduncle ntawm gladioli raug tsim, tsis txhob muab cov poov tshuaj txaus rau cov hnav ris tsho sab saum toj, cov lej hauv lub peduncle txo. Txawm li cas los xij, kev noj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov poov tshuaj, nrog rau cov nitrogen thiab phosphorus, hauv gladioli tau pom thaum lub sijhawm nce paj. Ntxiv mus, yog hais tias rau phosphorus qhov kev nce no yog me me, tom qab ntawd kev nce siab ntawm cov poov tshuaj thiab nitrogen noj tshwm sim ntau heev nrog ib qho ntxiv tsis yog li poob qis.

Cov poov tshuaj tsis muaj zog tom qab tawg ntawm gladioli cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm corms, uas tsis zoo khaws cia thiab muab tsis zoo tsim cov nroj tsuag xyoo tom ntej.

Qhov xav tau phosphorus yuav luag tsis hloov thaum lub caij cog qoob loo, tsuas yog nce siab me ntsis thaum lub sijhawm yauv thiab paj. Tsis muaj phosphorus inhibits kev loj hlob thiab tawg paj. Tom qab tawg paj, kev sib koom tes pub mis ntawm gladioli nroj tsuag nrog phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj chiv ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo dua ntawm cov as-ham los ntawm cov nplooj rau hauv corm tshiab.

Nws yog ua tau los muab gladiolus nrog cov as-ham hauv qhov xav tau ntau xwb nrog kev sib txuas ntxiv ntawm cov av sib txuas nrog cov ntxhia thiab cov organic chiv.

Ntawm cov pob ntawm pob zeb hauv av chiv yuav hauv khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb, qhia txog cov khoom noj muaj nyob hauv lawv feem pua, feem ntau yog rau cov tshuaj nquag: nitrogen - N, phosphorus oxide - P₂0₅poov tshuaj oxide - K₂0.

Gladiolus.

Lub pob zeb hauv av siv tau zoo li cas siv rau gladiolus

Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, siv ntau yam ntawm cov chiv. Peb yuav txiav txim siab tsuas yog cov uas tus neeg tuaj yeem ua si yuav tuaj yeem hauv lub khw (rooj 1).

Rooj 1: Hom pob zeb hauv av muaj ib cov as-ham (qhia los ntawm cov tshuaj ua ub ua no)

Ntxiv nrog rau cov chiv chiv uas muaj ib qho kev pabcuam noj haus, muaj cov nyom thiab cov chiv ua tiav, uas suav nrog ob lossis peb lub ntsiab as-ham. Rau gladioli, cov chiv hauv qab no feem ntau siv: complex - poov tshuaj nitrate (N - 13%, K₂0 - 46%), kalimagnesia (K₂0 - 28-30%, Mg - 8-10%); puv - nitrophosphate (N - 11%, P₂0₅ - 10%, K₂0 - 11%), nitroammofosku (N - 13-17%, P₂0₅ - 17-19%, K₂0 - 17-19%).

Muaj lwm yam ntawm cov chiv uas tuaj yeem siv tau thaum loj hlob gladioli tom qab kuaj ua ntej. Kev lag luam tseem ua cov kua ua kua sib xyaw ua ke uas tuaj yeem muab ua rau hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws micronutrient chiv rau gladiolus kab lis kev cai suav nrog ammonium molybdate, tooj liab sulfate (vitriol), zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt nitrate, boric acid, thiab qee zaum potassium permanganate, uas kuj ua haujlwm raws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob potassium, tab sis feem ntau siv raws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob.

Microfertilizers yuav tsum ua kom zoo zoo, vim tias lawv ntau dhau lawm tuaj yeem ua rau tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lub ntsiab cai tseem ceeb thaum txiav txim siab lawv tsis yog los npaj cov kev hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj ntawm ib qho kev sib xyaw nrog qhov ntau ntawm ntau dua 2 g ib 10 l dej.

Gladiolus.

Dab tsi yog cov organic chiv

Ntawm cov organic chiv, peat, composts, rotted manure thiab nqaij qaib poob yog feem ntau nkag mus rau cov pib xyaum ua gardeners. Siv cov chiv ua tshiab rau gladioli siv tsis tau, vim nws ua qhov khoom ntawm pathogens ntawm cov kab mob fungal thiab kab mob. Cov tshuaj chiv muaj txhua qhov pib zoo (cov ntxhuav 2 thiab 3).

Rooj 2: Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov zaub mov zoo (hauv feem pua ​​qhuav teeb meem) hauv cov organic chiv

Rooj 3: Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig (hauv feem pua ​​qhuav teeb meem) hauv peat

Gladiolus.

Yuav ua li cas thiab thaum twg los thov siv cov chiv?

Cov khoom ua kom zoo rau gladioli muab lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm kev sib txawv. Muaj cov txuj ci rau kev npaj ua ntej cog chiv, cog thiab tom qab cog chiv. Qhov tom kawg tau muab faib ua cov hauv paus thiab tsis muaj hauv paus hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj.

Raws li kev khawb ntawm cov av nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, organic, phosphorus thiab potash chiv yog siv. Kev noj tshuaj ntxiv siab nyob ntawm cov av thiab cov xwm txheej rau kev loj hlob gladioli. Piv txwv li, hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ib lossis ob lub thoob ntawm cov organic chiv thiab 30-40 g ntawm superphosphate thiab potassium sulfate tuaj yeem muab rau ib meter. Hauv lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tsis pub dhau ob lub lim piam ua ntej cog, 20-30 g ntawm urea ntxiv rau ib lub 'meter'. Uantej cog qoob loo rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg yog kos rau hauv av thaum khawb; tsaws - ib txhij nrog cog, lawv tau nchuav mus rau hauv qhov thiab grooves 3-4 cm hauv qab theem ntawm corms.

Lub hauv paus thiab tsis muaj lub hauv paus hnav khaub ncaws ntawm gladioli yog xav tau txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov khoom noj cog nrog qee yam hauv qee lub sijhawm. Pub cov koob tshuaj yog teem raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj chaw, av tsom, qhov pom ntawm gladioli. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yam tseem ceeb xws li cov av muaj pes tsawg leeg, nws cov acidity, muaj cov khoom noj khoom haus uas tsim nyog rau cov nroj tsuag, microclimate thiab qhov chaw nyob ntawm thaj av, thiab qhov siab ntawm cov dej hauv av raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Ua ntej cog thiab cog chiv yog suav tias yuav pab tau. Lub hauv paus hnav khaub ncaws ntawm gladioli nruj me ntsis ua ke nrog qee theem ntawm kev cog ntoo. Ua kua khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus yog qhov zoo dua, vim tias cov as-ham tam sim ntawd nkag mus rau thaj chaw ntawm lub hauv paus system.

Tus nqi ntawm cov chiv thov rau ib lub caij hauv kev hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj yog suav tsis yog raws li kev ntsuas cov av, tab sis kuj ua raws qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov cog ntawm gladiolus, koob tshuaj ntawm kev cog ua ntej thiab cog chiv. Cov tshuaj cog qoob loo feem ntau yog yaj rau hauv 10 liv dej thiab siv rau ib 1 m.

Nws yog qhov nyuaj ua qhov kev suav tseeb, txij li ntawm qhov tob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm gladioli (0.2-0.5 m), cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov as-ham tsis hloov tas li vim los nag los yog, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ziab tawm, thiab lawv khi rau cov av sib txuas. Yog li no, thaum txhim kho nws txoj kev pub mis, tus neeg tsim paj siv cov ntaub ntawv paub los ntawm cov ntawv sau, kho raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm tus kheej thiab kev paub rau ntau xyoo. Xws li pib siv cov lus, peb tuaj yeem coj txoj kab kev pub mis tsim los ntawm V. N. Bylov thiab N. I. Raikov (cov lus 4).

Cov lus 4: Noj cov chiv rau noj gladioli thaum lub caij cog qoob loo, hauv grams ntawm cov as-ham ib 1 m²

Kev paub zoo txog kev cog paj, cov koob tshuaj ntawm fertilizing qhia nyob rau hauv lub rooj yog halved thiab chiv yog feem ntau thov nyob rau hauv koob tshuaj me. Qhov no yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm ntau dua, tab sis tso cai rau koj kom muaj cov zaub mov muaj ntau nyob hauv av. Yog li, rau peb lub hlis caij ntuj sov lawv muab kaum sab saum toj kev hnav khaub ncaws.

Thaum lub caij cog qoob loo, hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj zoo siv tsis yog nrog macro xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nrog microelements. Kab cov ntsiab lus pab txhawb kev tsim cov nroj tsuag muaj zog ntau nrog cov paj loj. Lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb rau kev pub mis nyob rau theem ntawm peb lossis plaub nplooj, thaum gladiolus paj stalk yog tsim. Ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm A. N. Gromov, 2 g ntawm boric acid thiab potassium permanganate, 0.5 g ntawm cobalt nitrate, 1 g ntawm tooj liab sulfate, 1 g ntawm zinc sulfate thiab 5 g ntawm magnesium sulfate yog coj ib 10 l dej. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov tsis tsim nyog nce nyob rau hauv cov koob tshuaj ntawm cov kab kawm ua rau inhibition ntawm cov nroj tsuag lossis txawm tias lawv tuag.

Yog li, thaum loj hlob gladioli, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov suav cov nplooj, tawm tsis pub mis rau qee tus lej ntawm lawv. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua los nqa txoj haujlwm no yog tias cov corms loj loj tau cog sib txawv ntawm cov me, thiab cov me me cais ntawm tus menyuam. Cov paub zoo txog kev cog paj, uas tau sau cov khoom sau loj ntawm gladioli, kuj tseem muab cov cog ntoo thaum ntxov thiab lig. Tag nrho cov no ua rau kev hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj zoo dua, txij li thaum cov khoom noj ntawm tus menyuam thiab cov menyuam yaus corms tau sib txawv ntawm cov neeg laus corm - cov khoom cog cog tshiab yuav tsum tau ib nrab rau ob zaug ntau dua kev noj zaub mov zoo.

Foliar hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj kuj muab loj heev - thiab micronutrients. Lawv cia koj cuam tshuam nrawm heev hauv kev txhim kho cov nroj tsuag. Yog li, nrog kev loj hlob tsis zoo ntawm nplooj ntawm gladioli thiab lawv lub teeb ntsuab xim lawv muab foliar pub mis ntawm urea. Thaum lub sijhawm tawg paj, cov ntoo ua yub nrog phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj chiv ua haujlwm zoo, ntawm chav kawm, tshwj tsis yog muaj peev xwm ntawm kev daws tau txais mus rau cov paj.

Micronutrient pub mis ntawm gladioli ua tau zoo heev. Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo yog muab los ntawm A. N. Gromov pom zoo kom hnav khaub ncaws micronutrient hauv kev txhim kho theem ntawm ob lossis peb nplooj, tshwj xeeb yog huab cua kub. Yuav kom nrawm rau lub paj thaum lub sijhawm txhim kho ntawm cov nplooj thib rau, nws muaj cov nplooj siab tshaj plaws hnav khaub ncaws ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv qab no: 2 g ntawm boric acid thiab 1.5-2 g ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate, yaj hauv 10 l dej. Baltic paj cog ntseeg tias ob los yog peb zaug txau nrog microelement cov kev daws teeb meem thaum lub caij cog qoob loo tsis yog tsuas yog nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov paj hauv gladioli, tab sis tseem pab txhawb kev tsim cov corms loj dua. A. Zorgevitz pom zoo txau cov nroj tsuag gladiolus nrog kev daws uas muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no, hauv grams tauj 10 liv dej:

• Boric acid - 1.3
• Tooj liab sulfate - 1.6
• Manganese Sulfate - 1
• Zinc Sulfate - 0.3
• Cobalt Nitrate - 0.1
• Ammonium Molybdate - 1
• Cov poov tshuaj permanganate - 1.5

Gladiolus.

Cov Lus Nug - Cov lus teb

Lo lus nug 1. Yuav ua li cas los xam qhov loj ntawm cov chiv xav tau los pub gladioli yog tias koj paub lub peev xwm yuav tsum tau roj?

Cov lus tebCov. Piv txwv tias koj xav pub zaub mov nrog nitrogen, phosphorus lossis potassium ntawm tus nqi ntawm 30 g ntawm txhua lub keeb rau 1 m. Lub florist muaj cov chiv hauv qab no rau ntawm daim liaj teb: nitrogen - phosphorus urea - poov tshuaj superphosphate - poov tshuaj sulfate. Raws li cov lus 1 peb pom cov ntsiab lus hauv cov chiv ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus. Rau kev suav, peb coj thawj tus lej, txij li nws zoo dua tsis pub dhau qhov pub dhau overfeed. Yog li ntawd, peb xav tias 100 g ntawm txhua chiv ntsig muaj 46 g ntawm nitrogen, 20 g ntawm phosphorus thiab 52 g ntawm poov tshuaj. Tom qab ntawd tus nqi ntawm cov chiv rau pub noj nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub 30 g ntawm lub zog tshuaj yuav txiav txim los ntawm mis:

• urea 100 g x 30 g: 46 g - 65 g;
• superphosphate 100 g x 30 g: 20 g - 150 g;
• poov tshuaj sulfate 100 g x 30 g: 52 g - 58 g.

Nws tsis yooj yim rau hnyav chiv chiv txhua zaus. Zoo dua los siv qee qhov ntsuas. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem siv lub rooj noj mov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim tias koj tsis tas yuav kov cov chiv nrog koj txhais tes. (Qhov tseeb, xws li ib rab diav hauv kev ua noj yuav siv tsis tau.) Ib rab diav muaj 25-30 g ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pob zeb.Hauv peb qhov piv txwv, xav txog kev txwv sab sauv, 1 tablespoon ntawm urea, tsib diav superphosphate thiab ob diav ntawm poov tshuaj sulfate yuav tsum tau noj 1 m thaum lub sijhawm pub mis.

Lo lus nug 2. Puas yog nws ua tau rau pub gladioli nrog mullein?

Cov lus tebCov. Mullein tuaj yeem pub cov nroj tsuag gladiolus, vim nws muaj tag nrho cov as-ham tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv concentrated, tab sis Txoj kev lis ntshav hauv qhov sib piv ntawm ib ntu ntawm mullein rau 10-15 ntu dej. Rau pib lub vaj teb, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv tsuas yog cov chiv ntxhia thaum xub thawj. Cov qoob loo cov qoob loo tsuas siv tau tsuas yog tom qab cog qoob loo, coj tus kheej hauv siab tias mullein, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshiab, ua cov kab mob pathogens ntawm ntau cov nroj tsuag kab mob. Rau qhov no, ib lub hnab ntawm cov ntaub hnyav nrog quav quav tau muab tshem tawm hauv ib thoob dej ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib feem ntawm quav rau plaub rau tsib ntu ntawm cov dej. Txheeb xyuas tsib mus rau xya hnub. Lub hood tiav lawm yog diluted peb mus rau plaub zaug thiab pub, siv sijhawm txog li 10 litres ntawm kev daws ib 1 m.

Lo lus nug 3. Cov phosphorus thiab potassium muaj ntau npaum li cas nyob hauv cov ntsev potassium?

Cov lus tebCov. Cov tshuaj ntsev ntsev, los yog cov ntsev phosphate, tsis yog chiv, tab sis ntau tus neeg ua liaj ua teb yuav cov khoom no hauv cov khw muag tshuaj thiab siv nws ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Feem ntau siv mono- thiab disubstituted potassium phosphate. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab ntawm phosphorus thiab potassium nyob rau hauv lawv, nws yog qhov yuav tsum paub txog tshuaj lom cov tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov nyhav atomic ntawm nws cov khoom sib xyaw. Tus qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm monosubstituted potassium phosphate yog KH2P04. Cov neeg atomic pawg ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus: K -39, H-1, P -31, O-16. Yog li no, qhov loj ntawm monosubstituted poov tshuaj phosphate nyob rau hauv cov koog ntawm atomic (tam sim no molecular) pawg yuav:

• 39 + 1×2 + 31 + 16×4 = 136.

Yog tias peb coj cov tshuaj no ntau npaum li cas hauv grams, cov lej sib npaug nrog cov phaus molecular, peb tuaj yeem xam seb muaj pes tsawg potassium (X) nyob hauv nws,%:

• 136g KN2R04 - 100%
• 39 g K - X%
• X = 39 x 100: 136 = 29%.

Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus phosphorus yuav yog,%:

• 31 x 100: 136 = 23%.

Cov qauv ntawm cov tsis txaus siab potassium phosphate yog K2HP04.

Qhov tawm ntawm nws cov luj molecular

• 39 x 2 + 1 + 31 + 16 x 4 = 174.

Peb suav qhov feem pua ​​ntawm cov poov tshuaj ntawm qhov nyiaj ntawm disubstituted phosphate los ntawm qhov hnyav hauv grams, suav kom sib npaug ntawm nws cov molecular phaus, uas yog, 174 grams:

• (39 x 2) x 100%: 174 = 45%.

Zoo sib xws, peb xam cov ntsiab lus phosphorus:

• 31 x 100%: 174 = 18%.

Thaum siv cov tebchaw saum toj no rau chiv, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias monosubstituted potassium phosphate muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acidic, thiab tshem tawm alkaline.

Cov ntaub ntawv siv:

• V. A. Lobaznov - Gladiolus