Cov chiv ua kom yooj yim, suav nrog tsuas yog ib qho, piv txwv li, nitrogen, phosphorus lossis potassium, thiab cov nyom thaum muaj ob peb yam nyob hauv cov tshuaj ntawm cov chiv no. Cov chiv ua ntau hu ua cov nyom. Raws li qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, lawv muab faib ua binary, uas yog, tsuas yog muaj ob peb lub hauv nws cov qauv, piv txwv li, nitrogen thiab phosphorus, nitrogen thiab potassium los yog phosphorus thiab potassium thiab triple, uas muaj peb lossis ntau cov ntsiab lus, hais, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium thiab kab kawm. Cov.
Kev qhia ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av ua kom zoo nkaujCov ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm:
- Kev faib tawm ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av chiv
- Tshaj chiv
- Sib xyaw lossis ua ke ntawm cov chiv
- Sib xyaw chiv
- Multifunctional chiv
- Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke
- Qhov feem ntau nrov ua chiv
- Cov quav chiv - amophos
- Cov quav chiv - sulfoammophos
- Cov quav chiv - diammonium phosphate
- Cov quav chiv - ammofoska
- Cov tshuaj chiv sib xyaw - nitroammophos thiab nitroammophosk
- Ua kua ua chiv ntau heev
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av chiv
Qhov tseeb, qhov ntau ntawm cov chiv ua tsis tuaj yeem hu ua qhov tseem ceeb thiab tsis meej pem, thiab txawm tias muaj kev paub pib tias cov khoom no yuav muab rau koj, nws yog qhov tuaj yeem nkag siab lawv yam tsis muaj teeb meem ntau. Feem ntau, cov no yog ob qhov chiv keeb uas muaj cov nitrogen (N) thiab phosphorus (P), piv txwv li nitrogen-phosphorus: ammophos, nitroammophos, nitrophos, thiab ntxiv rau ob npaug phosphorus-potassium chiv muaj phosphorus (P) thiab potassium (K), tshwj xeeb potassium phosphate lossis potassium monophosphate, zoo li ternary, muaj tag nrho peb lub tebchaw nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium (NPK): ammophos, nitroammphosph, nitrophos thiab magnesium-ammonium phosphate muaj cov nitrogen, phosphorus thiab magnesium (Mg)
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov kev faib ua tau yooj yim no, muaj qhov nyuaj dua, uas yog, raws li txoj kev xaiv ntawm kev muab chiv. Lawv muab faib ua cov nyom, kev sib xyaw ua ke (cov tshuaj siv sib xyaw ua ke), sib xyaw, ntau cov chiv thiab chiv sib xyaw ua ke
Tshaj chiv
Thawj qeb yog complex chiv, nws suav nrog potassium nitrate lossis potassium nitrate (KNO3) - diammophos thiab ammophos. Cov chiv no yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw tshuaj ntawm thawj cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Piv txwv, nyob rau hauv lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, ntxiv rau cov paub txog NPKs - nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium, microelements, ntau yam tshuaj tua kab (fungicides, acaricides, tshuaj tua kab) lossis tshuaj tua kab (tshuaj tua kab ua kom zoo).
Sib xyaw lossis ua ke ntawm cov chiv
Ntxiv mus, sib xyaw ua ke los yog cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov chiv, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsim yog cov txheej txheem ib txheej txheem. Hauv ib lub pob zeb me me ntawm cov chiv zoo li no peb lub ntsiab tseem tuaj yeem muaj, tab sis tsis nyob hauv cov khoom siv dav dav dav, tab sis hauv cov sib txawv. Lawv tuaj yeem tau txais vim muaj cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb thiab lub cev ntawm cov khoom lag luam pib.
Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem yog cov chiv ua tau ib ntu los yog ob peb lub. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog: nitrophos thiab nitrophoska, nitroammophos thiab nitroammophoska, nrog rau cov potassium thiab ammonium polyphosphates, carboammophos, nias phosphorus-potassium thiab cov kua ua tau yooj yim. Qhov feem ntawm cov as-ham uas lawv muaj yog raws li qhov pib ntawm qhov xav tau rau kev tsim khoom.
Sib xyaw chiv
Cov chiv sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom noj uas yooj yim tshaj plaws uas tau tsim hauv cov chaw lag luam lossis hauv cov nroj tsuag txawb (ua kom cov hmoov av ua ke).
Cov khoom noj nyuaj nyuaj thiab nyuaj-sib xyaw ua ke ib txwm muaj los ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, yog li ntawd, lawv txoj kev siv yog qhov txo qis hauv tus nqi txhim kho cov av. Yooj yim muab, yog tias koj yuav thiab tso nyiaj ntawm txhua qhov khoom ib tus zuj zus, nws yuav kim heev dua yog tias koj tso lawv txhua lub sijhawm, thaum lawv tau sib xyaw hauv ib qhov txuas.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov chiv zoo li no kuj muaj cov tsis zoo - piv txwv li, qhov tsis txaus ntawm nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium hauv cov chiv feem ntau sib txawv hauv qhov txwv tsis pub muaj. Cov Nov hais txog dab tsi? Hais tias, yog tias koj yuav tsum mob siab rau cov tshuaj nitrogen, thiab koj tab tom qhia txog kev tso cov tshuaj uas muaj lub zog no, koj yuav tseem ntxiv cov av nrog phosphorus thiab potassium, thiab tsis tas yuav zoo tshaj plaws.
Multifunctional chiv
Ntxiv nrog rau cov pawg teev tseg ntawm cov chiv ua tau zoo, muaj ob peb yam ntxiv, piv txwv li, ntau lub chiv ua chiv. Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntsiab lus, ntau yam microelements thiab biostimulants kuj nyob hauv lawv. Cov tshuaj feem ntau muaj qhov ua kom tiv thaiv-txhim kho thiab ua kom muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke
Tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov khoom siv tshuaj sib tov, tam sim no hauv peb lub teb chaws kev tsim cov chiv no tau mus txog qib tshiab. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog cov tshuab sib xyaw thiab tsim nyog sib xyaw nrog txhua lwm hom chiv. Cov lus sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv chiv tuaj yeem ua tiav sib txawv, cia koj xaiv qhov feem tshwj xeeb rau ib hom qoob loo, xws li av thiab thaj av ntawd. Hauv cov tebchaws nyob sab hnub poob, kev siv cov khoom siv chiv yog qhov zoo thiab paub ntev los ntawm kev ua kom muaj av zoo nrog cov zaub mov, tab sis rau peb lub tebchaws no, peb tuaj yeem hais, tseem yog qhov tshiab.
Granular ua pob zeb hauv av chivQhov feem ntau nrov ua chiv
Cia peb tham txog lub ntsiab thiab feem ntau siv cov chiv ua tau zoo.
Cov quav chiv - amophos
Cia peb pib nrog ammophos chiv. Nov yog monoammonium phosphate, cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov tshuaj chiv no yog NH4H2PO4Cov. Kev lim dej siab heev, nws yog lub granule uas muaj nitrogen (N) thiab phosphorus (P). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nitrogen hauv cov chiv no yog hauv daim ntawv ammonium. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau zoo vim tias nws tsis nqus dej noo thiab tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv cov chav zoo tib yam, thaum thov nws tsis ua hmoov av huab, thaum lub sijhawm ntev cia nws tsis coalesce, yog li ntawd, nws tsis tas yuav tsoo nws ua ntej thov. Qhov tsis muaj hygroscopicity, txawm li cas los xij, tsis cuam tshuam rau solubility ntawm chiv hauv dej.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog hais tias kev noj tshuaj ammophos ua lub hauv paus, koj tuaj yeem npaj ntau qhov ntau ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm hom tshuaj sib xyaw. Qhov no chiv yog suav hais tias yog zoo heev thiab ntau yam. Ammophos tuaj yeem siv rau ntau hom av thiab siv ob qho tib si rau lub ntsiab chiv ntawm cov av thiab ntxiv rau kev hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj. Ammophos kuj tseem zoo rau fertilizing cov av ntawm greenhouses thiab tsev ntsuab. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv ammophos tau tiav hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kev droughts feem ntau tshwm sim, ntsig txog, nitrogen chiv xav tau tsawg dua li phosphorus chiv.
Cov quav chiv - sulfoammophos
Qhov txuas ntxiv mus txuas ntxiv ntawm cov quav chiv yog sulfoammophos, nws cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg (NH4) 2HPO4 + (NH4) 2SO4Cov. Qhov chiv no suav tias yog universal thiab txig soluble hauv dej. Sab nraud, cov no yog cov granules uas muaj cov Nitrogen (N) thiab phosphorus (P). Kev nqus dej tau zoo vim tias nws tsis caking thaum lub sij hawm cia, yog li ntawd, ua ntej thov nws tsis tas yuav tsum tsoo. Lub chiv tsis muaj hygroscopicity, yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv chav zoo tib yam, ntxiv rau, thaum thov thiab txeej, cov chiv tsis ua hmoov av.
Tsis zoo li ammophos, sulfoammophos sib xyaw phosphorus, uas yog zoo dua soluble hauv dej; ntxiv rau, qhov sib piv ntawm ob yam tshuaj no ntau sib npaug. Lub ntsiab lus nitrogen yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ammonium, yog li ntawd, nitrogen yog qhov maj mam ntxuav ntawm cov av thiab ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm nws yuav nqus tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Tsis tas li ntawd, leej faj (S) tseem nyob hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg sulfoammophos; yog tias muaj chiv keeb, piv txwv li, hauv qab nplej, nws nce qib ntawm gluten. Thaum fertilizing cov av rau paj noob hlis, txhom tsoob thiab taum pauv, sulfoammophos ntau ntxiv cov roj cov ntsiab lus hauv cov noob.
Hauv qee qhov me me, kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm ib feem pua, cov chiv no muaj cov calcium (Mg) thiab calcium (Ca), lawv tsim nyog rau lub neej tag nrho ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Siv cov chiv no ntawm ib qho av, nws haum rau txhua yam qoob loo. Kev ntsuas av tuaj yeem siv rau hauv av ob qho tib si ua thawj thiab theem nrab. Qhov ua tiav ntawm nws kev siv hauv tsev ntsuab thiab hotbeds, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw nrog nitrogen chiv thiab muaj cov poov tshuaj, tau muaj pov thawj. Siv sulfoammophos, ntau cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem tsim tawm.
Cov quav chiv - diammonium phosphate
Lwm cov chiv ua haujlwm yog diammonium phosphate, qhov tseeb nws yog diammonium hydrogen phosphate, nws cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg muaj daim ntawv (NH4)2HPO4Cov. Qhov chiv no muaj nyob rau hauv, nws tsis muaj nitrates, yog yooj yim soluble hauv dej thiab sawv cev granules, lub ntsiab ntawm cov uas yog nitrogen thiab phosphorus. Qhov tsis muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov chiv no yog qhov tsis muaj hygroscopicity, caking thiab hmoov av tsim thaum thov rau cov av thiab nchuav. Ntxiv nrog rau cov hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv chiv muaj cov leej faj (S).
Cov quav chiv - ammofoska
Paub txog ntau ammofoska (NH4)2LI4 + (NH4)2HPO4 + K2LI4, - nws muaj peb lub hauv paus tseem ceeb. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov chiv no tau raug pov thawj ntau dua ib zaug, hauv qhov tseem ceeb nws yog qhov ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv uas cov poov tshuaj (K) thiab phosphorus (P) yog potassium sulfate (K2LI4) thiab ntsev, thiab nitrogen - ammonium sulfate. Ammofoska tsis muaj hygroscopicity, noj. Nitrogen nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm cov chiv no yog siv tsis ntxuav tawm hauv cov av. Ntxiv rau peb yam tseem ceeb, leej faj (S) tseem nyob hauv ammophos, thiab calcium thiab magnesium kuj tseem muaj. Muab qhov tsis muaj cov tshuaj chlorine nyob rau hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov chiv keeb no tuaj yeem ua kom ruaj ntseg rau ntawm cov av nrog kua qab ntsev. Cov chiv no tuaj yeem siv los ua cov pib loj lossis ntxiv ntawm txhua hom av thiab hauv qab txhua cov qoob loo. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nroj tsuag txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nrog rau ntau cov zaub cog qoob loo, xws li cov qos yaj ywm, teb tau tshwj xeeb zoo rau ammophos. Ammofoska yog cov chiv keeb zoo rau vaj tsev ntsuab thiab tsev ntsuab.
Cov tshuaj chiv sib xyaw - nitroammophos thiab nitroammophosk
Nitroammophos (nitrophosphate) (NP) thiab nitroammophos (NPK), ob qho ntawm cov chiv ua tau los tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm phosphoric thiab nitric acids nrog ammonia. Lub chiv uas tsim los ntawm monoammonium phosphate yog hu ua nitroammophos, thiab yog tias cov tshuaj potassium (K) ntxiv rau nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, tom qab ntawd nws hu ua nitroammophos. Hauv cov chiv uas tsis tshua muaj muaj ntau dua nitrophosphate; cov khoom noj ntxiv muaj tam sim no, qhov piv ntawm cov tuaj yeem sib txawv.
Piv txwv li, nitroammophos fertilizer tuaj yeem tsim tawm nrog tus nqi ntawm nitrogen hauv nws cov lus sib txawv los ntawm 30 txog 10 feem pua, phosphorus - los ntawm 25-26 txog 13-15 feem pua. Raws li rau nitroammophos, nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, uas yog, nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium (N, P, K), kwv yees li 51%. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ob hom ntawm nitroammophoski yog tsim - hom "A" thiab hom "B". Hauv hom "A" muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium tau muab faib raws li hauv qab no - 17 (N), 17 (P) thiab 17 (K), thiab hauv hom "B" - 13 (N), 19 (P) thiab 19 (K) ), raws li. Tam sim no, lwm hom npe ntawm nitroammophoski nrog lwm cov tebchaw kuj tseem nyob ntawm kev muag.
Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus hauv nitroammophos muaj nyob rau hauv dej-soluble daim ntawv, yog li lawv yuav yooj yim rau cov nroj tsuag. Cov nyhuv ntawm nitroammophoski yog qhov zoo ib yam nkaus li yog tias peb qhia txhua yam ntawm cov khoom sib cais, tab sis ntawm tus nqi nws hloov tawm yuav luag ob zaug pheej yig dua los siv nitroammophoska. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau txhua hom av, tsis hais thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, thiab caij nplooj ntoo hlav lossis thaum lub caij nyoog.
Qhov qhia txog ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av ua kom yaj yaj yaj hauv dejTshuav Cov Kua Theb Plaub Hau
Zoo, hauv kev xaus, peb yuav tham txog kua ua cov chiv ua tau zoo, vim tias cov neeg ua teb thiab vaj zaub feem ntau muaj lus nug txog lawv. Cov kua ua cov ua kua yog tsim los ntawm neutralizing polyphosphoric thiab phosphoric acid nrog ammonia, nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ntau cov chiv uas muaj nitrogen, piv txwv li, urea lossis ammonium nitrate, ntxiv rau potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem suav nrog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kua ua kua kim.
Qhov tshwm sim yog chiv, nyob rau hauv uas qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, uas ua raws li phosphoric acid, nce mus txog tsuas yog peb caug feem pua, qhov no tseem me me, tab sis yog tias cov tshuaj muaj zog ntau dua, tom qab ntawd thaum lub ntsuas kub tsawg dua cov kua ntsev crystallize thiab nag lossis daus.
Hauv cov kua ua rau cov chiv, cov cim ntawm nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium muaj qee zaum sib txawv. Piv txwv, nitrogen tuaj yeem yog los ntawm tsib mus rau kaum feem pua, thiab phosphorus thiab potassium - los ntawm rau txog kaum feem pua. Hauv tebchaws Russia, cov kua ua cov quav feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov zoo ntawm 9 (N) txog 9 (P) txog 9 (K), ntxiv rau 7 txog 14 thiab 7, tom qab ntawd 6/18/6 thiab 8/24/0. lawv cov ntawv feem ntau yog sau rau ntawm ntim.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kua ua kua ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm polyphosphate acid, nyob rau hauv uas mus txog 40% ntawm cov as-ham, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem yog 10 rau 34 thiab 0 NPK lossis 11 rau 37 thiab 0 ntawm tib lub ntsiab lus. Cov kua ua kua ua tau zoo yuav tau los ntawm kev kub siab nrog ammonia ntawm superphosphoric acid.
Cov chiv no qee zaus hu ua theem pib, lawv feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm lub npe hu ua triple kua complex chiv, cov nyob ua ke ntawm uas tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Nws raug tso cai ntxiv ammonium nitrate, urea lossis potassium chloride mus rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, qhov tsis zoo ntawm chlorine yog qib.
Ntawm chav kawm, cov kua ua kua ua tau yooj yim muaj lawv cov teeb meem, qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov nyuaj hauv kev thov lawv. Txhawm rau txhim kho av nrog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig nrog kev pab ntawm cov chiv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau thauj, thov thiab khaws cov kua txiv.
Raws li kev siv ncaj qha rau ib qho chiv, cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem nqa tau los ntawm kev ua ntu zus nyob rau saum npoo av ua ntej yuav khawb cov av lossis plowing, kom fertilize thaum tseb lossis cog cov nroj tsuag lossis hauv cov kab nruab nrab thaum muab khoom noj thaum lub caij.
Tam sim no koj paub dab tsi cov nyom ua tau, yog tias koj tseem muaj lus nug, tom qab ntawd sau lawv hauv cov lus, peb yuav zoo siab los teb.
