Calendula

Calendula (Calendula) tseem hu ua marigold. Qhov no tsob nroj herbaceous belongs rau aster tsev neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, marigolds tuaj yeem nrhiav tau nyob hauv Western Asia, Mediterranean, thiab txawm nyob rau Western Europe. Lub npe ntawm cov paj zoo li no los ntawm Latin lo lus calendae, uas txhais tau tias "thawj hnub ntawm lub hlis." Cov genus no suav txog 20 hom tsiaj cog, ntawm cov uas muaj ob qho txhua xyoo thiab perennials. Muaj cov tsiaj zoo li no (piv txwv, tshuaj ntsuab marigolds) uas tsis yog tsuas yog zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov khoom kho kom zoo. Cov cuab yeej no tau xub hais los ntawm Dioscorides, uas nyob hauv 1 xyoo BC. e. thiab leej twg yog kws lij choj thaum ub neeg Greek thiab kws paub txog. Thiab marigolds tau siv los tsim cov tshuaj lag luam los ntawm Galen, Avicenna, Amirdovlat Amasiatsi thiab tus kws kho mob nto moo Nicholas Kulpeper. Ib zaug, marigolds tau siv los ua cov zaub cog, yog li lawv tau siv los ua cov cawv, paj npleg, puv rau dumplings, thiab lawv kuj tau muab tso rau hauv oatmeal thiab kua zaub. Xws li cov nroj tsuag tau hu ua cov txuj lom rau cov neeg pluag. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov txuj lom txawv teb chaws tau kim heev, thiab calendula tuaj yeem yog qhov hloov pauv rau saffron. Nws ua cov tais diav ntau dua thiab muab cov kua txiv kab ntxwv daj rau lawv. Cov nroj tsuag no tau txais qhov muaj koob meej hauv cov tebchaws European. Shakespeare nws tus kheej tau hais txog cov nroj tsuag no hauv nws txoj haujlwm, thaum poj huab tais Navarre Margarita Valois (Poj huab tais Margot) nyiam marigolds rau tag nrho lwm cov paj ntoo.

Marigold nta

Xws li cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj kab noj hniav muaj pubescence, uas yog glandular fluff. Paj daj tuaj yeem yog daj lossis txiv kab ntxwv. Lawv yog cov ntau-cov paj ntawm apical cov pob tawb, uas suav nrog cov leeg tsis huv tubular sab hauv paj (feem ntau muaj cov xim tsaus nti) thiab sab nraud rab yaj paj tawg paj tsis sib xws. Tej yam yooj yim li niaj zaus oval nplooj ntoos daim hlau tuaj yeem elongated los yog lanceolate. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov achenes uas tuaj yeem ua rau nkhaus lossis ua cov nplhaib, thiab lawv muab tso rau hauv 2 lossis 3 kab. Pib tawg paj thaum Lub Rau Hli thiab xaus rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis. Ntau cov noob raug tsim, thaum lawv tseem nyob tau ntev li 5 xyoos. Marigolds tau cog ua paj zoo nkauj txij li xyoo 16th.

Loj hlob marigold los ntawm noob

Qhib sowing

Yog tias koj xav siv kev siv zog tsawg dua, koj yuav tsum tau tseb cov noob hauv av thaum lub Plaub Hlis lossis Lub Kaum Hli. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, koj yuav tsum pib tseb tom qab cov av ntws tawm thiab ua kom sov sov tom qab huab huab yaj mus txog ntawm cov daus npog. Txheeb xyuas qhov npaj txhij ntawm cov av rau tseb cov nroj tsuag no, koj yuav tsum khaws cov av ntawm tes hauv lub vaj thiab thawb nws hauv nrig, thiab tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum muab pov tawm ntawm ib puas xees siab. Yog hais tias cov av npaj txhij rau tseb, tom qab ntawd cov qog yuav ua kom ntog tag. Cov av yuav tsum tau npaj rau tseb. Yog li, li ntawm ib nrab ib hlis ua ntej hnub tim uas tau cog lus tseg, nws yuav tsum tau muab khawb me ntsis, thaum ua cov chiv. Yog li, rau 1 square metres, koj yuav tsum noj 20 grams ntawm potassium chloride thiab superphosphate, los ntawm 3 mus rau 4 kilo ntawm humus thiab 30 grams urea. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg ua teb pom zoo pom zoo tias cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, tsuas yog hauv qhov no nitrogen-muaj chiv yuav xav tau qhia rau hauv av hauv lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Txhawm rau tob cov noob hauv cov av yuav tsum yog 10-20 hli. Hauv qhov no, nruab nrab ntawm cov ntoo hauv hav, qhov deb ntawm 25 txog 30 centimeters, yuav tsum tau saib, qhov sib nrug kab yuav tsum yog los ntawm 0.6 txog 0.7 m. Yog tias cov nroj tsuag zoo li cog tshuaj los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj, ces qhov kev ncua deb ntawm tsob ntoo yog li 7 txog 10 centimeters, thiab kab sib kis. yuav tsum muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.3 txog 0.4 meters. Yog tias txhua yam ua tiav zoo, thawj cov yub yuav tshwm sim hauv 7 hnub. Tom qab 15-20 hnub tom qab pom pom ntawm thawj cov noob, cov nroj tsuag yuav xav tau kom nyias nyias tawm, thaum qhov deb ntawm tsawg kawg 25-35 centimeters yuav tsum raug pom ntawm cov yub. Cov yub uas tsis tuaj yeem muab pov thawb tawm hauv av, tab sis tau hloov pauv. Qhov tseeb yog tias calendula tso cov ntshav hloov heev. Flowering yuav pib kwv yees li 2.5 lub hlis tom qab tseb.

Seeding rau seedlings

Yub cov qauv ntawm kev loj hlob marigolds pab kwv yees lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua paj. Nws kuj tseem pom zoo tias cov noob yog cog qis tsis tau qis. Sowing noob yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv hnub kawg ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj los yog thawj - nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis. Koj tuaj yeem tseb lawv ob leeg hauv ib leeg khob thiab hauv ib lub taub ntim, thaum siv cov paj av sib tov. Kev nqus cov noob yuav tsum yog ob peb centimeters. Cov qoob loo yuav tsum tau them nrog zaj duab xis thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov pom kev zoo, sov sov (los ntawm 18 txog 20 degrees) qhov chaw, tiv thaiv los ntawm tshav ntuj ncaj qha.

Yuav tu noob li cas

Tom qab cov tsos ntawm cov noob (feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim tom qab 6-8 hnub), lub tsev yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab cov thawv hloov mus rau qhov chaw nrog qhov kub dua (ntawm 14 txog 15 degrees). Cov nroj tsuag zoo li no yuav tsum tau muab sij hawm ywg dej thiab hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj ib zaug txhua ib nrab ntawm ib hlis lossis ib xyoo kaum, thaum lub zog daws teeb meem ntawm cov ntxhia pob zeb hauv av tau siv. Thaum khub ntawm cov nplooj ntawv tseeb tshwm sim ntawm cov ntsia hlau, lawv yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv cov ntim ib leeg lossis ib lub thauv loj, thaum tswj kom nrug deb li ntawm 5 centimeters ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Cog calendula hauv av qhib

Cas lub sij hawm mus tsaws

Tom qab cov ntoo pom 5 lossis 6 nplooj, lawv yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau hauv cov av qhib. Raws li txoj cai, lub sijhawm no ntog zaum ob ntawm lub Tsib Hlis. Tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias ua ntej cog, yub yuav tsum tau ua kom tawv tawv, thiab qhov no txawm hais tias cov paj no muaj lub caij ntuj no tsis kam thiab tiv taus lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum lub sijhawm tsaus ntuj. Txhawm rau ua kom cov ntoo tawv tawv, koj yuav tsum nqa lawv txhua hnub li xya hnub txhua hnub rau ib lub sijhawm ntev heev tsis muaj nyob ntawm cov chaw tiaj tiaj lossis cov lawj.

Txhawm rau cog, koj yuav tsum xaiv lub teeb pom kev zoo, thaum cov av yuav tsum noo, ua kom dej noo thiab noo nrog cov as-ham. Cov kws paub txog lub vaj zaub sim cog cov paj zoo li no ntawm lwm cov vaj thiab zaub cog qoob loo, uas yog kev tiv thaiv cov kab tawm (qee tus kab mob, npauj npaim nrog lawv cov kab me). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis tuaj yeem cog cov ntoo no ib sab ntawm basil lossis radish, vim hais tias tsis li lawv yuav loj hlob qeeb heev.

Yuav cog li cas

Cog cov noob cog rau hauv av qhib siv tib lub tswvyim xws li thaum tseb cov paj zoo li no hauv lub vaj. Yog li, nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov ntoo koj yuav tsum tswj kom muaj qhov deb li ntawm 25 txog 30 centimeters, thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov kab koj yuav tsum tau tawm qhov deb ntawm 0.6 txog 0.7 m. Qhov no, rau cov nroj tsuag zus los tsim tshuaj ntsuab cov ntaub ntawv, koj yuav xav tau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm 7-10 centimeters, thaum lub kab sib nrug yuav tsum muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.3 txog 0.4 meters. Nroj tsuag pib pib tawg, tom qab 40 txog 50 hnub txij li hnub tuaj tseb noob.

Cov nroj no tuaj yeem nthuav dav ntawm tus kheej los ntawm kev tseb tus kheej.

Calendula Care nyob rau hauv lub Vaj

Kev saib xyuas rau cov rau tes yog yooj yim heev. Yog li, koj yuav tsum tau ywg dej rau lawv tsuas yog nyob rau lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm lub caij ntuj qhuav, koj tseem yuav tsum tau xoob ntawm qhov chaw thiab tshem cov nyom nroj ntawm nws. Tsis tas li, calendula yuav tsum tau hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus nrog cov ntxhia ua chiv ib hlis ib zaug. Tab sis thaum loj hlob xws li cov paj, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tom qab txoj haujlwm ntawm kev qhib inflorescences ua kab rov tav, tag nrho cov paj uas twb tau qhib yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub hav txwv yeem, qhov no yuav tso cai rau cov ntoo kom tawg ntev dua thiab zoo nkauj dua. Raws li qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov no, ntau cov buds yuav tshwm sim, thiab calendula yuav tawg rau ntev. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, kiag li qhib inflorescences yuav tsum muab txiav tsis tu ncua. Yog koj tsis ua li no, cov ntoo yuav tawg paj nyob rau hnub kawg ntawm Lub Xya Hli.

Yuav qhia tau li cas

Cov nroj no yog propagated tshwj rau cov noob.

Kab tsuag thiab kab mob

Nws tshwm sim tias cov paj no tau kis nrog powdery mildew lossis dub spotting. Yog tias muaj cov xim doog lossis xim dub tshwm rau ntawm daim nplooj, qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws yog kis nrog cov xim dub. Thaum muaj mob me me rau ntawm kev tua, nplooj tsawb thiab paj, txheej dawb paug, uas thaum kawg hloov xim av, qhov chaw kis nres zuj zus thiab hloov nws cov xim rau xim dub. Tus kab mob tsob nroj yuav tsawg dua khov-tiv taus. Koj tuaj yeem tshem ntawm cov kab mob no los ntawm kev kho cov kab mob nrog fungicidal tus neeg sawv cev (Topaz, Topsin, Skor lossis Fundazol). Cov kev tiv thaiv:

Nyias tawm tuaj yeem cog ntoo raws sijhawm;
tshem tawm cov nroj kom raws sijhawm;
muab cov paj rau noj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yuav tsum tau them rau cov pa nitrogen;
tshem cov khoom seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm qhov chaw;
ua lub nqus ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg;
nco ntsoov cov cai ntawm kev hloov qoob loo;
txheeb xyuas cov kabmob muaj kab mob hauv lub sijhawm thiab tshem lawv ntawm lub xaib.

Tsuas yog cov aphids tuaj yeem khom ntawm lub paj no, thiab lwm yam kab mob hla nws. Xws li cov nroj tsuag muaj ib qho peculiarity - nws muaj peev xwm nyiam txhua aphids ntawm vaj cuab ntxhiab, uas zoo heev tswj kev sib ntaus tawm tsam xws li cov kab tsuag. Txhawm rau rhuav tshem nws, koj yuav tsum siv cov txhais tau tias: Karbafos, Fufanon, Actellik, Antitlin, Akarin lossis Biotlin.

Tom qab tawg

Kev Sau Cov Noob

Kev sau cov noob yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tom qab lawv yuav luag tiav. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kheej kev cog qoob loo, ib lub hnab ntim khoom me me yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm cov pob txha qhuav, thaum nws yuav tsum tau kho lub qia.

Lub caij ntuj no

Marigolds yog qhov niaj xyoo, hauv qhov no, tom qab lawv nres tawg, lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau khawb thiab tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw.

Hom thiab ntau yam ntawm calendula nrog rau cov duab thiab npe

Tsuas yog 2 hom kev cog qoob loo ntawm marigolds.

Daim teb Calendula (Calendula arvensis)

Hom kab no tsis nrov li marigolds. Hauv qhov siab, tsob ntoo loj tuaj rau 0.3 m. Cov paj ntawm cov ntoo zoo li no yog Reed, thaum lawv tau pleev xim rau hauv qhov xim xim buffy. Nyob hauv cov xwm txheej ntuj, xws li tsob ntoo muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau hauv wastelands, nrog rau thaj chaw uas tau tso tseg, nyob rau thaj tsam yav qab teb Europe. Tsob nroj no yuav tsum raug loj ib yam li calendula officinalis.

Calendula officinalis (Calendula officinalis)

Los yog marigolds, lossis calendula chemist's, lossis marigolds chemist's, lossis balaban, lossis tag nrho crocus, lossis kib

Txhua xyoo nroj tsuag cog ntoo tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 0.2-0.75 meters. Ribbed daj ntseg ntsuab lub cev yog tuab tuab, thiab nyob rau lawv cov saum npoo muaj glandular, nplaum pubescence. Cov paib nplooj uas yooj yim tuaj yeem rub tau elongated lossis oval. Ntawm lawv saum npoo koj tuaj yeem pom cov plaub mos mos uas tsis tshua muaj mob. Inflorescence pob tawb muaj cov ntxhiab tsw qab ntxiag uas tuaj yeem ntxeem tau. Inflorescences muaj xws li cov txiv kab ntxwv lossis daj reed paj, uas yog ci saum toj, thiab npub rau hauv qab, thiab tseem ntawm cov tubular paj me, uas tuaj yeem pleev xim rau xim av tsaus, daj lossis txiv kab ntxwv. Kev cog qoob loo nrog kev tu kom zoo yog ntev heev (txij lub Rau Hli mus txog Kaum Ib Hlis). Differs nyob rau ntau lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov tub yug tsiaj tau niaj hnub sim los tsim ntau yam tshiab, thaum lawv cov haujlwm tau muab faib ua 2 thaj chaw: dai kom zoo nkauj thiab kho mob. Cov neeg yug tsiaj hauv Asmeskas thiab European yog tibneeg hu tauj coob yug tsiaj ntau thiab ntau hom kev dai kom zoo nkauj. Piv txwv li, muaj ib pab pawg ntawm Pacific Kev zoo nkauj ntau yam, uas yog cov duab ntawm cov ntsia hlau siv rau kev txiav, thaum lub hav txwv yeem tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 0.7 m, thiab lub cheeb ntawm pob tawb nce txog 9 centimeters. Kuj tseem muaj ib pab pawg Patio ntau yam, uas yog sawv cev los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm qhov loj me (txog 0.3 m). Thiab nyob rau hauv pab pawg Kablun muaj ntau hom anemoid - cov tubular paj hauv lawv tau loj hlob los sib piv.

Cov khoom dai zoo tshaj plaws muaj xws li:

SonnsteinCov. Lub hav zoov yog qhov me me thiab mus txog qhov siab tsuas yog 0.4 mus rau 0.5 meters. Ribbed ruaj ruaj stems muaj daj ntseg ntsuab xim. Cov nplooj tsawb loj loj ob nplooj ntoo kuj tseem ntsuab daj. Ob tog daj ua ib nrab ntawm cov iav uas muaj qhov ntev ntawm 7,5 centimeters, thaum lawv cov paj reed yog cov.
JuvelCov. Lub kheej kheej hauv hav zoov hauv qhov siab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.4-0.5 meters. Nws lub qhov muag daj ntsuab hauv ntu ntu muaj cov duab ntawm pentahedron tsis xwm yeem. Lub ntsej muag daj ntsuab loj thiab dav daim paib yog daim duab uas muaj duab ntxoo. Qhov lub cheeb ntawm semi-ob los yog ob inflorescences yog los ntawm 5 mus rau 8 centimeters. Lawv muaj cov xim daj tubular thiab cov paj tiaj tiaj reed, pleev xim hauv cov ntses liab-txiv kab ntxwv.
Xov tooj cuaCov. Hauv qhov siab, lub hav txwv yeem tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 0.35 txog 0.45 meters. Ribbed stems muaj hwj chim heev. Daj nplooj ntsuab lub vij daim duab dav muaj cov nplaim nyem ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Inflorescences tuaj yeem yog semi-ob thiab ob zaug, thaum lawv hemispherical thiab hauv lub taub ncav 6-7 centimeters. Cov tubular cov paj yog cov txiv kab ntxwv-daj, thaum lub txiv kab ntxwv sawv xim reed paj yog ½ feem qhwv hauv ib txoj raj; thaum lub hauv paus, lawv muaj cov txiv kab ntxwv-daj xim.
Xov tooj cua
HnovCov. Bush nyob rau hauv qhov siab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.45 meters. Cov nplooj ntab yog cov xim ntsuab ntsuab. Qhov lub cheeb ntawm semi-ob los yog ob inflorescences yog los ntawm 7 txog 8 centimeters. Lawv suav nrog cov kab npauj npaim ci ntau cov paj ntoo uas tau imbued, thaum lub tubular paj yog xim daj.
MeisterstuyukCov. Qhov siab ntawm cov hav txwv yeem yog li 0.45 m. Daim nplooj ntsuab nplooj ntsuab muaj peev xwm loj, ntev ntev thiab nthuav dav. Qhov lub cheeb ntawm ib nrab-terry thiab Terry pob tawb yog los ntawm 6 txog 8 centimeters. Lawv cov tubular paj yog xim av daj, thiab cov reed sawv daws yog oily, me ntsis concave thiab muaj cov nplua nuj xim txiv kab ntxwv.

Xws li hom txiv kab ntxwv Koenig, Kub Koenig, Kub Kugel, Kanarienfogel, Kabluna Kub, Calypso, Golden Emperor thiab lwm yam kuj nrov heev.

Ntawm daim ntawv cov tshuaj, cov nyiam tshaj yog cov ntau yam xws li: Kalta, Ryzhik, Sakharovskaya Txiv kab ntxwv thiab lwm tus, uas tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg yug tsiaj hauv Lavxias.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm marigold cov khoom

Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm calendula

Marigolds, raws li cov tshuaj siv cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuab, yog cog rau ntawm thaj chaw muaj khoom lag luam. Txhawm rau tsim cov tshuaj los ntawm cov nroj tsuag no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los sau cov inflorescences uas nyuam qhuav pib nthuav. Qhov tseeb yog tias lawv muaj ntau cov carotenoids (carotene, flavochrom, flavoxanthin, rubixanthin, lycolin, cygroxanthin), thiab lawv tseem muaj aponin, paraffin hydrocarbons, mucus, resins, volatile, bitters, proteins, flavonoids, glycoside, kua , salicylic, pentadecylic thiab ascorbic acids thiab cov roj tseem ceeb. Lub inflorescences ntawm cov nroj tsuag no muaj anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, mob kho thiab kab mob cov teebmeem. Cov paj zoo li no tau siv coj los kho cov kab mob ntawm cov nruab nrog rau sab hauv thiab cov leeg hlwb. Yog li, lawv raug siv los ua tus kabmob diaphoretic, analgesic, sedative, expectorant thiab tus neeg sawv cev rov qab. Txhais tau npaj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov nroj tsuag no tuaj yeem ua rau kev so ntawm cov leeg nqaij txoj hnyuv ntawm lub plab, plab hnyuv, thiab txawm tias lub siab, thiab qhov no pab txhawm rau nce bile secretion, bile tsim, ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm zais cia ntawm lub plab. Marigolds muaj peev xwm tawm tsam streptococci thiab staphylococci tsis muaj qhov phem dua li cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj zog tshaj. Txawm li cas los xij, tsob ntoo no tsis cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Hauv cov kab mob ntawm cov epidermis xws li psoriasis, tshuaj dermatoses, vitiligo, cov khoom lag luam ua los ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yuav tsum tau siv rau kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov ncauj thiab rau sab nraud. Kev daws teeb meem ntawm calendula tincture tseem siv rau tonsillitis, stomatitis, tonsillitis, thiab tseem muaj cov cuab yeej no yuav pab txo cov pos hniav los ntshav.Cov tshuaj pleev kuj tseem tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag no, uas yog siv los kho qhov nqaij ntuag, doog ntshav, kub hnyiab, eczema thiab tawg rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Roj ntawm xws li lub paj tau ua pov thawj ua tau zoo ntawm varicose veins, qhuav eczema, bedsores, thiab nws tseem tuaj yeem yuav haus dej haus nrog gastritis, mob plab thiab duodenal mob rau sab hauv, kab mob siab, colitis, enterocolitis. Calendula-based cov tshuaj kuj yog siv los tshem tawm cov kev ntshai nyob rau hauv menopausal ntshawv siab thiab nyob rau hauv neurasthenia.

Cov nroj tsuag no tseem tau siv los ua cov khoom kom zoo nkauj. Yog tias koj ntxuav koj cov plaub hau nrog kev sib xyaw uas muaj tincture ntawm marigolds, plhaw plhaw thiab chamomile, cov plaub hau yuav ua rau zoo nkauj dua, thiab cov plaub hau thiab tawv taub hau kuj tseem yuav ua kom zoo dua.