Qhov ntaiv ntawm cov ntoo yog huv, thiab cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov qub tau them nrog lichens. Lawv yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas kom tshem tau lawv thiab nws yog qhov tsim nyog? Cia peb sim paub nws.
Cov ntawv tso cai yog dab tsi?
Lichens (Lichenes) yog cov pab pawg muaj ntau yam kab mob muaj xws li cov hu ua fungi thiab microscopic ntsuab algae lossis cyanobacteria. Licais, raws li kev faib tawm niaj hnub, nkag mus rau Lub Nceb Nceb. Tam sim no, pawg lichen muaj ntau dua 26,000 hom.
Evernia plum, lossis ntoo qhib ntxhuab (Evernia prunastri) - hom tsiaj ntawm lichens loj zuj zus rau ntawm pob tw thiab cov ceg ntoo ntawm ntoo qhib thiab qee lwm cov ntoo uas txiav thiab zoo nkauj, suav nrog fir thiab ntoo thuv. © LiondelyonLichens yog qhov muaj sia thiab muaj ntau yam muaj sia. Txawm nyob ntawm ib tsob ntoo pob tw txog kaum hom sib txawv tuaj yeem nyob lawv. Nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws kom pom lawv hauv vaj hauv huab cua ntub - ntawm cov tawv ntoo lawv ua rau ci dua thiab pom tau ntau dua.
Nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias lichens tsis yog pwm, txawm hais tias lawv zwm rau lub nceeg vaj nceb, tab sis lawv nyob zoo li cov nroj tsuag, txij li lawv muaj vim photosynthesis. Tsis muaj cov hauv paus hniav, lichens nqus cov dej noo ntawm lawv qhov chaw, thiab tau txais cov zaub mov tsim nyog nrog rau cov plua plav thiab dej nag. Lichens nyob ntev - los ntawm ntau caum xyoo mus rau ntau pua xyoo.
Lichen muaj peev xwm ciaj sia nyob hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig uas ua rau neeg tuag rau txhua yam nroj tsuag. Lawv tuaj yeem nqus tau dej txawm tias los ntawm kev ya. Hauv qab qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo, cov algae uas ua rau daim ntawv tso cai yog khaws cia. Hauv tshwj xeeb, lawv tso tseg lawv txoj haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm ntuj qhuav thiab muaj huab cua tsis zoo, thiab tau ntev.
Vim li cas thiaj li lichens tshwm rau ntawm cov ntoo?
Cov ntawv pov thawj yog qhov pom tau ntau dua ntawm cov kab ntawm cov ntoo laus, txij li thaum txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo qeeb dua thiab ua rau nws txoj kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov tsos ntawm lichens rau ntawm tsob ntoo nrog nws lub hnub nyoog. Kev tawm tsam mus rau lichens yog tawg txo hauv cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj zog. Khov ntawm cov ntoo, tawg ntawm cov tawv ntoo, ua rau tuab ntawm cov ntoo, ua rau cov pa tsis zoo, qhia qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kab mob loj hlob tuaj thiab kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas tsis tas li vim lawv lub hnub nyoog.
Yog tias tsob ntoo muaj mob, cuam tshuam los ntawm parasitic fungi, kev txhim kho thiab rov ua dua tshiab ntawm nws cov xyoob ntoo kuj tseem poob qis. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua rau daim ntawv tso cai los txhim kho ntawm cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo thiab nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos lawv tuaj yeem yuav luag npog tag nrho cov nqaj thiab ceg.
Xanthoria parietina (Xanthoria parietina) - lichen ntawm tsev neeg Teloschistovye, ib hom ntawm cov genus Xanthoria. © Umberto SalvagninSib ntaus sib tua lichens ntawm cov ntoo thiab ntsuas kev tiv thaiv
Txoj hauv kev muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws nrog lichens yog kev siv tshuab. Cov ntawv pov thawj yog suav tawg los ntawm pob tw thiab cov ceg nrog ntoo ntoo, lossis cov nylon txhuam. Tom qab ntawd cov chaw no raug kho nrog 5% daws (500 g ib 10 l dej) ntawm hlau sulfate.
Saib xyuas! Thaum tev tawm daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov ntoo, yuav tsum saib xyuas kom zoo, vim tias cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua kev puas tsuaj rau cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab qhov no, nyeg, tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog cov kab mob phom sij los yog cab.
Kev ntxhua khaub ncaws ntawm boles thiab cov ceg cev pob txha loj hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg lig txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm txoj kev yoo tshauv ntoo nrog lichens thiab mosses. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb pom zoo hloov kho daim tawv dawb thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hnub sov sov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nws tsis pom zoo kom cov ntoo hluas nplawm nrog cov tawv ntoo kom du: lawv lub qhov hws tau txhaws, roj pauv tau cuam tshuam, thiab cov qia tuab qeeb dua.
Ua noj dawb rau tsob ntoo
Whitewashing tuaj yeem npaj tau los ntawm koj tus kheej: rau 10 liv dej, noj 2-3 kg ntawm freshly slaked txiv qaub thiab 150 g ntawm tooj liab sulfate. Txhawm rau kom cov tshuaj zoo dua, ntxiv 1-2 khob skim mis lossis ib qho av nplaum me me rau nws.
Npaj-whitewash yog muag hauv khw muag khoom.
Furrowed parmelia (Parmelia sulcata) loj hlob ntawm cov pob tw thiab cov ceg ntawm tsob ntoo deciduous thiab coniferous, zoo li ntawm kev ua ntoo thiab pob zeb substrate, feem ntau hauv qhov chaw muaj teeb pom kev zoo. © SvdmolenKuv puas yuav tsum tau tshem ntawm lichens ntawm cov ntoo qhib?
Tam sim no peb yuav teb lo lus nug kawg: nws puas yog qhov yuav tsum tau tshem ntawm lichens? Muaj ob lub tswv yim xav ncaj qha rau nws.
Ib ntawm lawv hais tias kev ua daim ntawv tso cai tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tsob ntoo, tab sis tsuas yog teeb liab hais tias tsob ntoo uas lawv loj hlob twb dhau los ua qub, lossis mob hnyav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nrhiav qhov tseeb ntawm tus kab mob nroj tsuag, thiab sim txuas nws lub neej, lossis tshem tsob ntoo tawm ntawm lub vaj kom tus kab mob tsis txhob kis mus ntxiv.
Cov neeg tawm tsam ntseeg hais tias lichens, uas tau loj hlob ntawm cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov kab thiab cov ceg ntoo, npog cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov ntoo, cuam tshuam kev ua pa ntawm huab cua mus rau sab hauv sab hauv, pab txhawb kom tsis tu ncua ntawm tsob ntoo cov tawv ntoo, thiaj li ua rau lwm cov kab mob loj dua, thiab lichens yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv xws li kev txhim kho ntawm lub pob tw, cov ntoo thaiv thiab lwm yam kab tsuag ntawm cov ntoo txiv ntoo tau raug khaws cia.
Kuv ua raws li cov tswv yim thib ob thiab nco ntsoov tshem tawm cov lichens uas tau tshwm sim rau ntawm cov qhov cuab yeej hauv kuv lub vaj.
