Hauv lub vaj, tsis yog tsuas yog nroj tsuag ntoo thiab tsob ntoo feem ntau cog, tab sis kuj txawv, uas suav nrog Japanese quince. Muaj dua ib lub npe hu ua Henomeles. Tsob nroj lub tsev yog Nyij Pooj. Nws kuj tseem pom muaj nyob hauv Suav teb thiab Kaus Lim Kaus, txawm hais tias tsuas yog hom tsiaj qus. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsob ntoo yog cog nyob rau hauv lub vaj ntawm Ukraine thiab Russia. Quince nyiam kom loj hlob ntawm qhov tiaj tiaj, roob siab me (nce txog 1,4 km siab tshaj ntawm theem dej hiav txwv), hav zoov sawv, tshem pob tw thiab tawg. Nws tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam marshy raws cov dej hauv lub cev.
Japanese quince: duab thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub hav txwv yeem
Tus nroj tsuag yog tsob ntoo qis lossis tsob ntoo tawg tuaj txog ib qhov siab txog li peb meters thiab nyob ntev txog 60-80 xyoo. Cov yam ntxwv txawv ntawm quince yog:
- Cov ceg ntoo. Ua felted-ntxhiab thiab pleev xim rau hauv qhov xim ntsuab-grey ntxoov ntxoo, tom qab ib ntus, thaum lawv loj hlob, lawv tau txais cov xim dub-xim av. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv pubescence ploj. Cov xim dub ntawm lub raum. Cov tawv ntoo yog nyias, nplai, pleev xim rau hauv qhov tsaus grey lossis xim liab-xim av. Ntawm cov ceg ntoo uas muaj ceg me muaj cov ci ci, 5-centimeter qe-puab cov nplooj nrog lub plooj-ntug.
- Lub paj muaj petals ntawm obovate duab ntawm ib lub txiv kab ntxwv-liab xim, lub cheeb ntawm uas ncav 4 cm.
- Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov kua tsis muaj tseeb, hauv cov duab zoo li lub hlaws lossis kua li 4 cm hauv qhov ntev, uas npog nrog cov tawv nqaij me ntsis pubescent. Raws li rau lub pulp, nws yog ib qho nyuaj, qab zib-tart, astringent.
Tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj xyuas
Quince txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ib lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau lub cev. Yog li, cov vitamin C hauv lawv yog li 100-150 mg, dua li nws, cov vitamins E, B1, PP, A, B2, K, B6, ntau cov organic acids (citric, malic, tartronic), fatty acids, protein, sugars, fructose, tannins tau pom. tshuaj, ethyl esters, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntshav qab zib, qabzib, pectins, pob zeb hauv av xws li calcium, boron, iron, phosphorus, tooj, zinc, pectins, silicon.
Quince cov noob muaj: amygdalin glycoside, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, glycerides ntawm myristic thiab isoleic acids, hnoos qeev, tannins, suav nrog tannin.
Kev sau qoob thiab saib xyuas
Nws tsis muaj teeb meem hauv kev loj hlob quince. Rau kev tsim kho kom zoo thiab kev loj hlob zoo, koj yuav tsum ua raws txhua qhov kom ua.
Tso rau qhov twg
Quince shrubs hlub teeb pom kev zoo, yog li koj yuav tsum xaiv cov chaw taws teeb rau ntawm koj lub xaib. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, cov nroj tsuag hlob zoo nyob hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo, tab sis koj yuav tsis tau txais cov txiv ntoo los ntawm nws.
Ua tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb thaum cog thiab saib xyuas cov Japanese quince hauv plawv nroog. Ntawm tag nrho cov hom uas twb muaj lawm, ntau lub caij ntuj no zoo yam tsis muaj ua kom sov. Tab sis nrog lub caij ntuj no txias, txhua xyoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem khov. Nws raug nquahu los cog ntoo hauv thaj chaw uas feem ntau daus poob. Thiab yog hais tias hnyav winters yog ib txwm, shrubs npog nrog ib tug spruce rau lub caij ntuj no.
Cov Av
Henomeles zoo siab rau txhua qhov av. Nyiam yog av nplaum thiab xuab zeb tsis zoo. Tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau ua kom qhov chaw yug nrog humus thiab noo noo. Tej yam muaj kua qaub thiab lim av ntau yog yam uas yuav tsis haum.
Tsaws
Rau cog, xuab zeb, ntawv av thiab peat yog sib xyaw hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 2: 2. Txuas ntxiv, chiv ntxiv rau lub qhov: superphosphate (0.2 kg), 1-2 thoob ntawm humus (1-2 thoob), poov tshuaj nitrate (0.3 kg), tshauv (0.5 kg).
Quince bushes cog 3-5 luam nyob rau hauv ib pab pawg. Cov nroj tsuag muaj hnub nyoog nyob rau ntawm qhov deb ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li ib metre ntawm lwm qhov, kom cov nroj tsuag tau zoo.
Kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nqa mus rau hauv av ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov nrog kev tawm tsam caij nplooj ntoo hlav, thaum av thaws. Nws yog qhov ua tau rau cog quinces hauv Japanese lub caij nplooj zeeg thaum lub sijhawm nplooj ntoo nplooj zeeg hnyav. Tab sis qhov no yog fraught nrog qhov tseeb tias tsob ntoo tsis muaj sijhawm txaus los coj lub hauv paus ua ntej te thiab nws yuav tuag.
Npaj lub hauv paus ntoo kom cov hauv paus cag ntog nrog cov av. Yog tias cov nroj tsuag twb yog neeg laus, 3-5 xyoos, rau lawv koj yuav tsum khawb ib qhov 0.5-0.8 m sib sib zog nqus thiab 0.5 m dav.
Chaw Sau Ntawv
Japanese quince tuaj yeem raug nthuav tawm ntawm ntau txoj kev.
Noob
Los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav, qhov tseem ceeb yog muab tshem tawm thiab cov noob yog rub tawm. Sow lawv tam sim ntawd hauv av hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg. Kev cog noob tu tau zoo heev.
Yog tias tseb tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav ua ntej lub caij ntuj no, cov noob raug xa mus rau stratification: lawv khaws cia rau 2-3 lub hlis hauv cov xuab zeb ntub ntawm + 3 + 5ºะก. Thaum lawv daug, cov noob raug muab cog rau hauv av.
Kev txiav tawm
Thaum pib lub Rau Hli, thaum sawv ntxov ntxov, thaum nws tsis kub thiab qhuav, ntsuab txiav yog txiav kom lawv muaj 2 pob. Nws yuav zoo dua yog tias koj txiav tus taw nrog "pob taws" mus rau 1 cm. Muab cov txiav rau hauv qhov kev loj hlob (piv txwv li, 0.01% daws ntawm indolylbutyric acid) rau ib hnub. Koj tuaj yeem siv daim duab "Kornevin." Cov npaj cov khoom yog cog rau hauv ib lub substrate (peat thiab xuab zeb, 1: 3) raws li cov txheej txheem 7 * 5 cm npaj obliquely.
Kev faib ua hauv paus
Quince muab cov lej ntawm cov hauv paus hauv paus ntau. Txhawm rau muab lawv, koj yuav tsum khawb ib tsob ntoo thiab cais cov kev sib cais nrog tuab ntawm 0.5 cm thiab qhov siab ntawm 10-15 cm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nco ntsoov tias lub hauv paus txheej txheem tau zoo.
Los ntawm ib lub hav txwv yeem, koj tuaj yeem "tau" tsis pub tshaj 6 kev faib.
Cov txheej txheem tshwm sim yog cog kab thiab ntsug saib xyuas, tswj cov dej noo ntawm substrate thiab ywg dej. Tom qab mulching yog nqa tawm nrog ntoo chips, humus, shavings.
Cov Kab Mob thiab Kab Tsuag
Rau Japanese quince, lub ntsiab teeb meem yog aphids, thaum ib tsob nroj tshwm, nws tuaj yeem tuag. Thaum koj pom thawj cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab no, koj yuav tsum ua kev kho mob tam sim ntawd nrog tshuaj tua kab.
Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm huab cua txias thiab ntxooj, nrog nrog huab cua siab, cov ntoo tuaj yeem hla ntau yam kab mob ntawm fungal keeb kwm. Piv txwv, nws yuav yog:
- cercosporosis, uas kuaj pom los ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov xim av, tig daj ntseg nrog lub sijhawm;
- qhov pom ntawm nplooj thiab necrosis, ua rau kom qhuav thiab deformation ntawm cov ntoo;
- ramulariosis, lub teeb liab ntawm uas yog kev tsim cov xim av ntawm nplooj.
Cov teeb meem tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev kho cov nroj tsuag nrog cov tshuaj ntxuav tes - tooj liab thiab 0.2% baseazole. Yog tias koj ntshai siv tshuaj lossis tsuas tsis paub txog lawv, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem siv cov dos infusion (0.15 kg ntawm dos husks nchuav 10 liv dej thiab hais ib hnub), uas yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj tsuag ob peb zaug nrog tsob ntoo nrog zaus ntawm 5 hnub.
Quince sau
Quince raug suav hais tias yog tshuaj ntsuab cog, thiab tsis tsuas yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog siv, tab sis kuj tseem nplooj thiab noob.
Novice gardeners tau txhawj xeeb txog thaum twg los sau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Japanese quince. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog sau nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg kom txog thaum thawj te. Tom ntej no, txhua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog zoo qhwv hauv ntawv, muab tso rau hauv lub thawv tso cua thiab khaws cia rau qhov chaw txias (6-10 ° C), tsis muaj lub teeb. Hauv lub xeev no, koj tuaj yeem khaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo txawm unripe kom txog thaum Lub Ob Hlis. Yog tias muaj ob peb lub txiv av, lawv tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv hnab yas thiab muab tso rau hauv tub yees. Lawv tuaj yeem khaws cia nyob ntawd ntev txog 3 hlis.
Quince nplooj yog tua thaum tsob ntoo tseem nyob hauv cov paj. Nws tau pw ntawm daim ntawv ci thiab qhuav hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo lossis lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws ntawm qhov kub txog 40 degrees, pauv mus rau hauv cov thawv kaw ntom ntom thiab siv raws li lub siab xav.
Yog tias koj xav sau cov noob, tom qab ntawd lawv tau rub tawm los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav, ua kom qhuav ntawm 40-50 ° C. Tom qab ntawd lawv raug hloov pauv rau cov thawv ntim nrog lub hau kaw zoo thiab muab khaws cia tsis pub tshaj ib xyoos.
Nrog kom cog thiab saib xyuas ntawm Japanese quince (henomeles), hav txwv yeem yuav tsis tsuas yog thov koj nrog kev cog paj zoo nkauj, thiab tom qab ntawd sau qoob loo zoo, tab sis tseem yuav txhawb koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
