Lub genus Chistec (Stachys), tseem hu ua stachis, yog sawv cev los ntawm semi-shrubs thiab herbaceous txhua xyoo thiab perennials teej tug mus rau lub meej-taws tsev neeg. Lo lus "stachis" txhais tau tias "spike", qhov tseeb yog tias qhov inflorescences ntawm cov nroj tsuag no zoo li tus ntsia hlau. Keeb xeeb ntxhua khaub ncaws los ntawm Asia Me thiab Khees me, tom qab ntawd nws kis thoob plaws hauv Europe thiab Asia, thiab ib hnub nws dhau los ua ib tsob ntoo cog qoob loo. Tus dev no sib sau ua ke ntau dua 300 hom uas, nyob hauv qab ntuj, tuaj yeem nrhiav pom txhua qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb tshwj tsis yog Australia thiab New Zealand. Stachis yog zus raws li kev dai kom zoo nkauj thiab tsob ntoo tshuaj.
Cov Ntxhua Khaub Ncaws
Cov cheeb tsam saum toj no ntawm stakhis yog them nrog ntom pubescence, txawm tias nws cov nplooj ntoo nplooj. Hauv qhov hais txog, cov nroj tsuag no tseem hu ua "purebred - yaj lub pob ntseg." Qhov siab ntawm tsob ntoo tuaj yeem mus txog li 100 centimeters. Kev rov qab daim nplooj tuaj yeem tuaj yeem ua cov khoom lag luam lossis ntshiab. Paj yog ib feem ntawm cov cuav whorls, uas nyob rau hauv lem ua spike-puab hom inflorescences. Cov xim ntawm lub paj tuaj yeem ua xim paj yeeb, xim daj, lilac, liab dawb lossis dawb. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog lub trihedral nutlet ntawm ovoid lossis oblong duab.
Loj hlob lub hnab tawv pojniam los ntawm cov noob
Thaum tseb
Lub stachis herbaceous tsob nroj tuaj yeem nthuav tawm los ntawm kev cog noob (noob), nrog rau kev cog ib qho, uas suav nrog kev txiav, faib cov hav txwv yeem thiab cog cov ceg. Cov noob ntawm cov paj no yog qhov txawv txav los ntawm kev rov tawg zoo. Lawv tau sown nyob rau lub caij ntuj no kawg lossis thawj lub limtiam hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg; cov noob ntoo tau siv rau lub hom phiaj no. Tom qab sowing, lub substrate yuav tsum tau watered, thiab lub thawv ntim nrog zaj duab xis thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw sov. Cov noob yub yuav tsum tshwm hauv plaub asthiv. Kev xaiv cov nroj yog nqa tawm tom qab lawv tau cog ib khub ntawm cov nplooj tiag tiag.
Tsaws
Cog kev cog hauv cov av qhib hauv av yog pom zoo nyob rau hnub kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis, thaum muaj kev hem thawj thaum hmo ntuj yuav tsum khov ua ntej. Rau cog, nws raug nquahu kom xaiv thaj chaw zoo lossis tsaus chaw. Av tuaj yeem yuav luag txhua yam, stachis loj hlob tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo rau ntawm cov pob zeb lossis cov av xuab zeb uas muaj cov roj av los yog tsis haum. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nco ntsoov tias cov av yuav tsum tau muaj qhov siab ua tau zoo.
Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cog qhov yuav txawv ntawm 15 txog 20 centimeters. Hauv qab ntawm txhua qhov dej, qhov dej ntws pov tseg yog tsim los ntawm kev siv peb lub pob zeb, peb lub pob zeb lossis cov xuab zeb. Los ntawm saum toj no, txheej no yog them nrog av txuas nrog humus. Tom qab qhov no, cov noob ntoo nrog cov av hauv av yuav tsum ua tib zoo hloov mus rau lub qhov. Cog cog yuav tsum tau ywg dej ntau.
Kev tu ib lub tshuab ua kab huv
Thiab cog thiab cog stachis yog qhov yooj yim heev. Txhua yam koj yuav tsum ua yog muab lub paj nrog cov dej ua kom zoo, xeb thiab xoob ntawm cov av. Ua ntej cov nroj tsuag tawg paj, nws xav tau kev sib dhos.
Watering xws li cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum muaj ntsis, vim nws tsis zoo reacts rau stagnation ntawm cov dej hauv cov hauv paus hauv paus. Hauv qhov no, lub purge xav tau kev ywg dej tsuas yog nyob rau ib lub sijhawm ntawm lub caij ntuj qhuav, txwv tsis pub muaj cov nplooj tuaj yeem ya ncig ntawm lub hav txwv yeem.
Los pub stachis siv rotted manure. Nws yuav tsum raug siv rau hauv av tsuas yog 1 lub sijhawm rau tag nrho lub caij.
Txhawm rau kom cov nroj tsuag tsis tuaj yeem txav mus rau lwm lub paj, muaj paj ntoo tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv thaj chaw ua teb, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum muab nws cov txiav pov tseg tsis tu ncua. Thaum tseb cov tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, nco ntsoov tias nws yuav nyuaj rau nws los ntawm nws txoj kev ntshaw, vim tias nws muaj peev xwm muab cov noob txau rau nws tus kheej. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kheej-noob, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los txiav tawm cov paj tua thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov txiv ntseej. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias inflorescences tsis sawv cev rau txhua yam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem lwj cov tsos ntawm lub paj, yog li cov neeg paub txog vaj qhia pom zoo kom lawv muab tshem tawm.
Yog tias tsis muaj kev hloov, stachis tuaj yeem zus rau ntau xyoo. Tab sis sijhawm dhau sijhawm, qhov khoob ntawm qhov chaw tshwm nyob hauv plawv hav zoov. Hauv qhov hais txog no, txhua txhua 3 lossis 4 xyoos, cov tub ntxhais hluas cov txhav yuav tsum cog rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm tsob ntoo.
Kab tsuag thiab kab mob
Stachis muaj qhov muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ntau ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag.
Chistets tom qab tawg paj
Perennial stachis yog qhov muaj peev xwm tiv taus ntau ntawm te. Tab sis yog tias huab cua kev twv kwv yees lub caij huab cua thiab daus me thiab lub caij ntuj no, tom qab ntawd nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los npog lub bushes nrog fir spruce ceg. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias xws li cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm tuag thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, yog tias nws lub hauv paus yuav nyob hauv dej qhuav rau lub sijhawm ntev. Yog li, xaiv qhov chaw rau cog qhov tshuaj ntxuav, qhov no yuav tsum nco ntsoov.
Hom thiab ntau yam ntawm chistec nrog rau cov duab thiab npe
Chistets woolly (Stachys lanata)
Cov kws cog qoob loo tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov tsiaj xwb, thaum lub hnab tawv pojniam, lossis lub hnab tawv pojniam, los yog lub hnab tawv pojniam, lossis cov "yaj lub pob ntseg" hnab tawv pojniam (Stachys byzantiana) yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws. Lub teb lub tsev ntawm xws li paj yog thaj chaw qaum teb ntawm Iran thiab Qaib Cov Txwv, Transcaucasia thiab sab qab teb ntawm European feem ntawm Russia. Qhov siab ntawm xws li rhizome perennial nroj tsuag tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 0.2 txog 0.6 m. Lub tetrahedral tua muaj me ntsis nplooj thiab sawv. Cov ntoo tuab cov nplooj muaj ib qho elongated-linear lossis scapular cov duab, lawv hloov mus rau lub hauv paus. Lawv saum npoo yog densely them nrog dawb ntsoov. Cov lilac-paj liab lossis lilac paj me me yog ib feem ntawm qhov muaj cov ntsia hlau loj. Kev coj noj coj ua txij li xyoo 1782. Cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws yog Nyiaj Ntaub Pua Plag: cov kis tau mus txog qhov siab tsuas yog 15 centimeters, lawv ua cov ntaub pua plag xim nyiaj xim.
Ib-xyoo huv (Stachys annua)
Nyob hauv cov xwm, cov hom kab no tuaj yeem nrhiav tau nyob hauv Asia Minor, Europe thiab Western Siberia. Ceg ntoo lossis cov khoom tawg yooj yim hauv qhov siab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 15-35 centimeters. Lawv lub qis dua, raws li txoj cai, yog liab qab, thaum lub sab qaum yog luv luv pubescent. Daim phiaj nplooj qis qis dua yog qhov sib dhos, lawv cov duab yog oblong, thiab ntawm lub hauv paus npoo-zoo li tus, thaum lub sab saud yog serrate, ntse, lanceolate, sessile. Lub pob ntseg ntev ntev muaj cov paj daj-dawb. Cov txiv ntoo yog ib lub noob txiv. Qhov paj no yog suav hais tias yog tsob ntoo zoo nkauj zib ntab.
Chistets hav zoov (Stachys sylvatica)
Nyob hauv qab ntuj, nws tuaj yeem ntsib hauv Caucasus, Central Asia, Russia, Qaib Cov Txwv, Tebchaws Europe thiab Tuam Tshoj. Qhov siab ntawm lub hav txwv yeem sib txawv ntawm 0.35 txog 1.2 meters. Ncaj qhov nce mus tua yog cov plaub mos mos. Cov kab qia nplooj yog lub zos-serrate, serrate-ovate, petiolate, lawv taw qhia rau apex. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, apical nplooj yog oblong, sessile, tag nrho-ntug, lawv sab pem hauv ntej yog daj ntseg ntsuab, thiab sab tsis ncaj ncees yog ntsuab-grey. 6-yim-ntws ntawm inflorescences ntev heev.
Cov hav iav tawv nqaij (Stachys palustris), lossis dub chaff, lossis tawv me, lossis coleut, lossis ua kom tawv nqaij
Nyob hauv cov xwm txheej ntuj, cov tsiaj no pom muaj nyob rau hauv Turkey, thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe, nyob sab Europe Tebchaws Europe, thiab thaj chaw ntawm Asia nrog huab cua sov (los ntawm Iran mus rau Tuam Tshoj), thiab hauv Siberia. Qhov siab ntawm cov hav txwv yeem yog li ntawm 1.2 m. Nyob rau sab saud hauv cheeb tsam muaj qhov ntom ntom pub, ntawm cov plaub mos ntev. Cov kab hauv qab nplooj qis dua ntse, zoo nkauj serrated raws ntug, oblong, ntawm lub hauv paus plawv-puab lossis hloov. Cov nplooj saum toj yog ovate-lanceolate, ntev-taw tes, tag nrho-marginal, sessile. Lub ntsia hlau loj muaj li ntawm 6 txog 10 lub paj ntawm lilac-liab xim.
Chistets loj-ntws (Stachys grandiflora)
Nyob rau hauv cov qus hlob hauv Asia muaj hnub nyoog thiab Caucasus. Qhov siab ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog 0.2-0.3 meters. Cov ntawv nplooj ntev ntev ntev ntawm cov plaub ntug nyob ntawm ntug yog cov kab npawv lossis daim duab plawv. Lub kauj voj uas tsis tuaj yeem yog ib nrab ntawm lub 'meter' siab; nws nqa lub capitate inflorescence, muaj cov paj loj loj. Hom kab no muaj ntau hom kev ua kom zoo nkauj, piv txwv:
- AlbaCov. Cov xim ntawm lub paj yog dawb.
- SuperbaCov. Cov xim ntawm lub paj tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm paj yeeb mus rau liab dawb.
Chistets officinalis (Stachys officinalis)
Qhov no Eurasian hom muaj qhov dav nyob. Lub hav zoov tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov siab li 0.5-1 m. Cov nplooj platelets muaj ib qho duab oblong, lub plawv zoo li lub hauv paus. Cov nplooj saum toj yog yuav luag sessile, thiab cov nplooj ntoo basal muaj ntev petioles. Cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm pob ntseg muaj xws li cov paj ua paj ntawm cov xim tsaus nti lossis xim xim.
Cov vaj txiv ntoo kuj tseem cog cov tsiaj xws li fluffy alpine, alpine, lavender, ncaj, nqaim-tawm, teb, German, Cretan, thiab lwm yam.
Cov Khoom Ntawm Lub Tshuab Nqus Tsev Vacuum
Ntawm ntau hom ntawm chistec muaj cov uas sawv tawm ntawm lawv cov khoom kho kom zoo. Lawv siv dav hauv lwm yam tshuaj. Piv txwv li, woolly purge tsis yog nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag pharmacopeia, tab sis nws yog feem ntau siv rau hauv cov tshuaj pej xeem, vim nws muaj qhov ua kom siab, antispasmodic, cardiotonic thiab hemostatic effect. Txhais tau hais tias tau ua los ntawm cov nroj tsuag zoo li no (tincture, decoction lossis tshuaj ntsuab qhuav) yog siv rau hauv kev kho mob khaub thuas, mob ntsws, mob mastopathy, cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlab ntsha hlwb, eczema, scrofula thiab lwm yam kab mob, thiab tseem yuav txo cov ntshav siab.
Chistets hav zoov yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob kev xeeb tub thiab kev kho mob, ob qho tib si hauv cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj thiab lwm yam tshuaj. Txhais tau hais tias ua los ntawm nws tau qhov txawv los ntawm qhov ua tau zoo hemostatic thiab tau siv rau ib qho kev ua rau uterine los ntshav. Txhais tau hais tias ua los ntawm lub qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub hnab tawv pojniam muaj qhov txhab ua kom zoo thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob mob, lawv tau siv los kho cov mob hemorrhoids, mob rau sab hauv, eczema, purulent qhov txhab thiab txiav. Chistec yog ib feem ntawm tus nqi uas txhim kho cov ntshav rau lub hlwb, lawv tau siv rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm kev mob vwm, mob plab thiab tsaus muag.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias xws li cov nroj tsuag muaj contraindications. Siv nws rau kev kho mob yog txwv rau cov neeg mob nephritis, kub siab, mob siab, mob ntsws asthma, nrog rau qaug dab peg thiab angina pectoris, ntxiv rau thaum lub cev xeeb tub thiab lactation, thiab menyuam yaus. Koj tsis tuaj yeem siv lub tsev ntxhua khaub ncaws kom kho cov tib neeg nrog kev tsis nkag siab rau cov nroj tsuag no.
