Cov pab pawg coob tshaj plaws ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov cab hauv qab no yog broomrape. Hom khaub rhuab - Ohdaim ntaub hlua Piv nrog rau lwm yam kev muaj tiag ntawm tsev neeg, nws muaj qhov txawv tshwj xeeb los ntawm ntau hom tsiaj muaj pes tsawg leeg (muaj txog 120 hom paub). Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm cov khoom faib tawm ntau thiab ntau qhov ntau hauv kev xaiv ntawm cov tsev ntoo. Cov sawv cev ntawm cov genus Broomrape parasitize ntawm cov tsiaj qus, cog thiab nroj tsuag.
Kab Mob Tsawg (Orobanche muaj hnub nyoog) © finiedduHauv peb lub teb chaws, muaj ntau dua 40 hom broomrape, suav nrog tsib tus cab ntawm cov nroj tsuag cog qoob loo. Qhov tsim kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws yog cov tsiaj hauv qab no uas kis tau kab mob, pub khoom noj, tsim kom zoo nkauj, zaub, plhuaj taub: paj noob hlis broomrape - O. Sitapa, hnoos qhuav los sis hemp broomrape - O. ramosa, Iyiv broomrape, los yog melon, - O. av iyiaiaca, broomstick mutil - O. mutellii thiab broomrape alfalfa - O. lutea.
Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv, tag nrho cov plab hnyuv siab raum ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov genus no, tshwj tsis yog lub qia, paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tau hloov pauv tseem ceeb: cov hauv paus hniav tau hloov mus rau lub cev luv ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws, nqus rau cov hauv paus ntawm tus tswv tsev cog, nplooj poob chlorophyll thiab ua me me brownish, daj los yog lilacous teev nrog cov txheej txheem tom ntej Cov. Tus cij broomrape yog lub teeb xim av, daj daj, pinkish lossis bluish, fleshy, erect, branching lossis tsis muaj ceg, nrog lub club-zoo li lub hauv paus nruab nrog lub khob nqus uas nkag rau lub hauv paus nqaij ntawm tus tswv tsev cog. Qhov siab ntawm lub qia tuaj yeem ncav cuag 50 cm lossis ntau dua.
Yog tias muaj kev sib kis loj ntawm cov av nrog broomrape noob thiab nyob ntawm thaj tsam muaj cov nroj tsuag cuam tshuam, txog 200 peduncles ntawm lub cab thiab ntau dua tuaj yeem poob ntawm ib tsob ntoo.
Lub broomrape paj yog axillary, tsib-cim, nrog ob-lipped German xiav, dawb lossis paj yeeb hauv cov xim, nrog plaub stamens, sau ob peb kaum rau hauv pob ntseg lossis lub ntsej muaj zoo li cov panicle. Lawv muaj peev xwm ntawm tus kheej-pollination nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim uas tsis muaj tus ntoo khaub lig, uas yog nqa nrog kev pab ntawm broomrape ya-phytomysis - Phytomysa orobanchia thiab bumble. Zes qe menyuam - sab sauv, ib-paus. Cov Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo - lub thawv qhib nrog ob lossis peb daim nplooj thiab muaj txog 2 txhiab lub noob lossis ntau dua. Cov noob me me, 0.2-0.6 mm ntev, 0.17-0.25 mm dav, npawv lossis oblong, tsaus xim av, nrog rau xaim ntawm tes. On ib broomrape nroj, muaj peev xwm yuav txog li 100 txhiab.
Zarazikha (Orobanche) © biologoYuav luag txhua lub broomsticks muaj qhov tshwj xeeb heev. Txhua hom yog yoog kom tau parasitize ntawm thaj tsam ntawm tsob ntoo nourishing rau tsuas yog ib lossis ob peb tsev neeg, genera thiab hom.
Paj noob hlis broomrape parasitizes mas rau paj noob hlis; los ntawm lwm cov nroj tsuag, txiv lws suav, haus luam yeeb, shag, safflower, cua nab, thiab lwm yam muaj kev cuam tshuam.Qhov Iyiv lossis cov noob txiv melon kis tau cuam tshuam txog 70 hom nroj tsuag, suav nrog cov qos yaj ywm, luam yeeb, zaub qhwv, lws suav, thiab taub dag. Ceg kab mob, lossis hemp, feem ntau kis cov luam yeeb, lws suav, hemp, zaub qhwv, carrots, melon, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm broomrape hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv, uas tau ua kom yooj yim los ntawm kev xaiv ntuj thiab tib neeg kev ua ub no. Nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm cov nroj tsuag, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tas li hloov kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus cab thiab tus tswv tsev, cov pej xeem lub cev tshiab thiab cov haiv neeg ntawm cov cab no tshwm sim thiab kis, sib txawv hauv kev virulence thiab muaj peev xwm los kov yeej cov khoom tiv thaiv tus tswv tsev kab mob. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov haiv neeg ntawm cov kab mob cab hauv thaj tsam muab tau txiav txim siab los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov tswv tsev cog qoob loo thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm nws cov genotypes. Kev rov tshwm sim tshiab, feem ntau cov kev sib tw ntawm broomrape ua rau poob ntawm kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ntau yam. Piv txwv, hauv broomrape kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov paj noob hlis, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov kev taw qhia rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev cog qoob loo, daim ntawv o tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov cab. Cuam tshuam ntau yam tsis muaj swellings zoo li no.
Kev tsim cov kab mob txhawm rau txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov tswv tsev cog qoob loo, tab sis kuj los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm tseb, av av, muaj cov peev txheej ntawm nws cov noob rau hauv av, qhov tob ntawm lawv cov noob, cov qauv ntawm cov hauv paus system ntawm lub chaw pub mis, qhov ntau ntawm cov dej noo hauv av, thiab lwm yam. Ua raws li biology ntawm lub tswv tsev cog, broomrape tsim perennial, biennial, txhua xyoo, thiab txawm ephemeral cov ntaub ntawv. Kev tsim kho, tus cwj pwm thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv ntxiv nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom noj uas tsis muaj zog.
Alsatian broomrape (Orobanche alsatica var. Libanotidis) © Holger1963Cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm qee cov hom broomrape yog morphology ntawm qia thiab paj, nrog rau kev ua kab mob tshwj xeeb.
Paj noob hlis broomrape txawv los ntawm lwm hom broomrape nrog tus ceg tsis xwm yeem txog 30 cm hauv qhov siab thiab ntau dua. Nws cov bracts yog ovoid, mob; corolla 12-20 hli ntev, tubular, khov kho nyom rau pem hauv ntej, yuav luag tsis nthuav dav thaum kawg, xim av xim ci. Cov tsiaj muaj kev txhim kho zoo ntawm cov neeg sawv cev kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov tsev neeg hmo ntuj thiab asteraceae. Ntawm lawv yog cov paj noob hlis, haus luam yeeb, shag, soob, railing, safflower, hiav txwv wormwood, Australian wormwood, wormwood, khaub zig ntoo, hom gooseberry, solonchak lub taub hau loj, tsw ntxhiab chamomile, thiab ntsev-marsh aster. Kev tiv thaiv Sunflower tsis kis tus kab mob roj av castor, taum pauv, lallemanthus, zaub qhwv, qos yaj ywm, thiab lwm yam.
Ntawm phooj ywg broomrape, lossis lub dib pag, muaj cov ceg ntoo uas muaj ob peb ovate-lanceolate scales 20-30 cm ntev. Corolla 23-27 mm ntev lub raj-funnel-zoo li tus, ho nthuav dav hauv qhov nqua. Cov hom ua kis rau cov noob zaub, nrog rau shag, haus luam yeeb, qos yaj ywm, paj noob hlis, mustard, turnips, txiv laum huab xeeb, noob hnav, txiv lws suav, zaub qhwv, txaij thiab lwm yam zaub, kev lag luam thiab nroj tsuag tsiaj (muaj txog 70 hom). Tsis kis tus paj rwb, beets, alfalfa, txiv quav ntswv nyoos. Muaj sia hauv haiv neeg paub txog.
Ceg los yog mob hemp kis, muaj qhov nyias, txog li 4-5 hli hauv nruab nrab, nrog cov nplaim paj tsis tshua muaj, ib lub kav ntev txog 15-25 cm ntev, tuab ntawm lub hauv paus, muaj ntau tus lej (txog li ob peb lub kaum) ntawm sab tua. Cov paj yog me dua cov ntawm cov saum toj no-piav qhia hom ntawm broomrape, nrog ib lub cheeb txog li 10-15 mm. Ceg kab mob tsis tshua tshwj xeeb yog muab piv nrog lwm hom ntawm genus. Nws kis tau ntau hom kab mob ntawm nightshade, asteraceae, zaub qhwv (ntsia saum ntoo khaub lig), taub dag, thiab lwm tus. Ntawm lawv yog cov haus luam yeeb, shag, hemp, hops, zaub qhwv (zaub qhwv, zaub paj, kohlrabi), mustard, turnip, saffron, horseradish, railing, taub dag, melon, carrots, dill, coriander, paj noob hlis, lentils, tshuaj ntsuab qab zib clover, tsaus ntuj, txiv laum huab xeeb, hlua, lwm yam zoo li tsis kis beets, parsnips, lallemanthus, zaub txhwb qaib, txaij, kua txob. Muaj sia hauv haiv neeg paub txog.
Broomrape noob, lub teeb zoo li hmoov av, tau txais kev ywj pheej los ntawm cua, dej, lo rau ko taw ntawm cov neeg uas ua haujlwm nrog cov cuab yeej, thiab khaws cov plab hnyuv siab raum ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab nqa los ntawm hmoov av los nag nyob deb li deb.
Siab sib kis (Orobanche elatior) © od0manCov kab mob hauv cov noob broomrape, zoo li ntau lwm cov nroj tsuag parasitic, tsis muaj kev txhim kho, tsis muab faib ua cov hauv paus, qia thiab cotyledons, tab sis muaj cov pab pawg ntawm cov noob puag ncig los ntawm cia cov ntaub so ntswg uas muaj cov as-ham uas xav tau los ntawm kev yub kom txog thaum nws nqus. mus rau tsob nroj nourishing. Qhov zoo tshaj kub rau kev tawm ntawm broomrape noob yog 22-25 ° C. Lawv tsis tawm nyom rau qhov kub thiab txias qis dua 20 ° C thiab siab tshaj 45 ° C, qee qhov siab tshaj 50 ° C. Qhov ntsuas kub zoo tshaj rau cov noob kev tawg ntawm Egyptian broomrape thiab branched broomrape yog siab tshaj qhov ntawm paj noob hlis broomrape.
Broomrape noob tuaj yeem hlav tawm ntawm txhua qhov tob ntawm arable qab ntug nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov cag pwm zais cia ntawm qee yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag tswj hwm. Yog tias tsis muaj cov nroj tsuag nyob ze ntawm cov noob broomrape, ces lawv tsis tawg, txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem siv tau rau 8-12 xyoos. Raws li qee cov kws tshawb nrhiav, nrog kev nce ntxiv hauv kev mloog zoo ntawm cov hauv paus hniav mus rau qee qhov kev txwv, qhov feem pua ntawm cov noob tawm kuj nce tuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov av noo tsawg, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov qoob hauv paus yuav muaj ntau dua, yog li ntawd, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua rau cov paj noob hlis tawg los ntawm broomrape yog pom hauv lub xyoo qhuav.
Ib qho tshuaj uas zais cia los ntawm cov tswv tsev cov nroj tsuag uas ua kom cov noob ntawm broomrape pom pom tsis yog hauv lawv cov hauv paus hniav, tab sis kuj pom nyob hauv cov nplooj thiab hauv cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov qia (paj noob hlis). Qhov tshuaj no tiv taus kom kub npau thiab ziab. Nws tau ua tau kom cais nws txoj kab nrig sib txawv uas muaj kev mloog zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
Cov hauv paus ua haujlwm ntawm cov zaub xas lav, flax, pob kws, taum pauv, perennial leguminous tshuaj ntsuab (alfalfa, clover, horned yaj), soob, earthen pear thiab lwm tus txhawb kev tsim cov noob ntawm broomrape noob, tab sis txij li cov qoob loo no tsis raug rau cov kab broomrape, nws cov yub, tsis pom muaj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig. tab tom tuag. Kev siv cov khoom cog qoob loo hauv kev tua cov broomrape yog raws li qhov tshwm sim no.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov noob cog qoob thiab lawv lub zog muaj txiaj ntsig tsis yog nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ceem ntawm cov tswv tsev cog, tab sis kuj nyob rau lwm yam mob: hom nroj tsuag pub, nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov kua txiv neej, qhov virulence ntawm lub broomrape thiab qhov sib ze ntawm nws cov noob rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov nroj tsuag. tus tswv tsev, los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm ib puag ncig, ntsuas kub thiab av noo noo, thiab lwm yam.
Kev cog qoob loo, kev nqus ntawm broomrape rau lub keeb kwm ntawm lub tsob ntoo nourishing thiab nws txoj kev txhim kho pib tshwm sim zais ntshis hauv cov av. Thaum lub caij cog qoob loo, me ntsis txhaws txhaws tawm los ntawm cov noob nrog lub club zoo li tus ua kom tuab thaum kawg, loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhov kev coj ua ke qhov kev xav zoo ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov ntsais tawg yog siab dua. Kov lub hauv paus ntawm ib tsob nroj ua rau tawg yooj yim, lub thickening pib loj hlob tuaj, thiab qhov seem ntawm cov ntoo txeem atrophies, tig mus rau hauv txoj xov nyias; tom qab ntawd qhov txuas nrog cov noob tsho tiv taus tawg.
Tsis ntev, qhov tuab ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tus tswv tsev cog yog nrog tubercles muab nws qhov ntsej muag ntawm lub hnub qub. Ib qho ntawm haustoria, thawb sib cais lub hlwb ntawm lub caj npab ntawm rab hauv paus cortex, nkag mus rau hauv nws thiab ncav cuag qhov xylem. Tracheids tsim sab hauv haustorium sib koom ua ke nrog kev ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus tswv tsev cog rau hauv ib qho tag nrho kom nws nyuaj kom nrhiav ciam teb ntawm lawv. Ntawm qhov kawg ntawm broomrape, ib lub raum tsim, npog nrog ntau cov nplai, tom qab tig mus rau nplooj hloov tau. Lub paj tau loj hlob mus ua ib lub paj-coj tus kheej uas nqa inflorescence rau saum npoo ntawm av.
Zarazikha (Orobanche) © esta_ahiKev cog qoob loo ntawm cov broomrape noob tawg ua rau hauv av, nws txoj kev nqus thiab kev loj hlob tshwm sim maj mam vim cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub tsev tu tsiaj loj hlob tuaj. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau keeb kwm ntawm ib tus tswv tsev cog, ib tug tuaj yeem saib xyuas txhua ntu ntawm kev tsim ntawm cov cab no; los ntawm cov noob germination rau pod ripening. Txij lub sijhawm ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov noob broomrape kom txog thaum pom pom ntawm nws cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov av, qhov tsawg kawg yog 1.5-2 lub hlis dhau mus. Koj tuaj yeem ntsuas cov noob paj noob hlis rau kev cog lus broomrape tsis tos kom lub laj kab broomrape tawm hauv av los ntawm qhov pom ntawm nqus broomrape ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm tus tswv tsev.
Kev ntsuas tus mob Broomrape
Ib txheej txheem ntawm cov tswv yim siv los tiv thaiv cov paj cab.
Ntawm lawv yog:
- kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm broomrape noob mus rau hauv thaj chaw thiab thaj chaw uas nws tsis tshwm sim, thiab kev ua tib zoo tu cov noob hauv cov liaj teb uas muaj tus kab mob;
- cov txheej txheem tawm kom tsis huv thiab tshem tawm cov broomrape ua ntej nws tsim cov noob thiab cov inflorescences kom tiv thaiv tau cov mob tshiab ntawm cov av. Weathered broomrape yog nqa tawm ntawm lub tshav pob, hlawv lossis faus tob;
- kev qhia ntawm kev hloov qoob loo, tsis suav nrog cov qoob loo uas raug cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ntev (tsawg kawg 6-8 xyoo).
Txij li broomrape kis ntau cov nroj tsuag tsiaj qus, kev tawm tsam nws yog qhov txuas uas tsis tuaj yeem hauv cov kab ke ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv.
Koj tuaj yeem tso tawm cov av ntawm broomrape nrog kev pab ntawm cov noob paj noob hlis loj (provocative qoob loo), uas ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam loj ntawm cov noob broomrape. Thaum lub sijhawm tsos ntawm ntau tus tshaj plaws ntawm inflorescences ntawm broomrape lossis thaum pib ntawm nws cov paj, kab lis kev cai yog tua rau silage. Tus kab mob tsis muaj sij hawm sib kis, thiab thaum sau cov kab lis kev cai tom ntej ntawm nws cov noob yuav tsawg dua. Rau tib lub hom phiaj, clover lossis clover yog sown. Tshwj xeeb cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo yog tau los ntawm kev qhia txog broomrape-resistant thiab broomrape-tiv taus ntau yam ntawm paj noob hlis thiab lwm yam qoob loo rau hauv kab lis kev cai.
Txuas Cov Khoom Siv:
- Popkova. K.V. / General phytopathology: phau ntawv qhia rau cov tsev kawm qib siab / K.V. Popkova, V.A. Shkalikov, Yu.M. Stroykov li al. - 2nd ed., Rev. thiab ntxiv rau. - M.: Drofa, 2005 .-- 445 p :: Mob. - (Classics ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev).
- Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm broomrape muaj ntawm USSR (los ntawm atlases ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab noob). / E.S. Teryokhin, G.V.Shibakina thiab lwm tus .-- SPb .: Nauka, 1993 .-- 127 p.
