Ntau tus neeg ua liaj ua teb xav tias kev hnav khaub ncaws luav nyob hauv tsev yog qhov txheej txheem nyuaj. Qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb tag nrho: kev ua rau cov plaub yuav tsis xav tau kev siv zog ntau los ntawm koj, tab sis cov txheej txheem no ncab dhau sijhawm. Nws yuav siv sijhawm li 5 txog 7 hnub los ua cov tawv, nyob ntawm thawj txoj kev ua cov khoom.
Saib ntawm kab lus tseem ceeb: Yuav ua li cas ua noj luav qab nyob hauv tsev?
Yuav ua li cas xaiv daim tawv luav rau kev hnav khaub ncaws
Rau kev hnav khaub ncaws, daim tawv nqaij ntawm kaum lub hli-hli luav yog qhov haum. Xws li tus tsiaj twb muaj tsim los npog pluab. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom tshem tawm cov nqaij thiab cov roj ua kom tsis muaj tawv nqaij los ntawm lub dermis yam tsis tas yuav ua rau cov plaub hau luav. Cov txheej txheem ntawm thawj cov txheej txheem ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog hu ua mossing.
Tom qab cov tawv nqaij tau raug tshem tawm ntawm lub cev tuag, nws yuav tsum tig mus sab nraud thiab kuaj xyuas. Yog hais tias Mezra xiav, ces tus luav tau xa mus rau tua thaum lub sijhawm molting.
Nrog rau cov tawv ntawm cov tawv nqaij ntawd muaj qhov pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub pluab npog. Nws tsim cov ntawv do hau, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tiav.
Tuav Daim tawv Tawv
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev thawj txheej txheem ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Hauv thawj kis, hnav khaub ncaws pib 2 teev tom qab hlais. Nrog rau hom no, daim tawv nqaij thiab pluab yog qhuav, uas ua kom yooj yim dua rau lub tsho loj.
Qhov txheej txheem thib ob yog mesentery tom qab ziab thiab so. Nrog rau cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis no, daim tawv nqaij sab laug rau ib hnub hauv chav nrog cua kub txog 24 ° C. Tom qab ntawd nws muab tso rau hauv dej sov, qhov kub uas yog 35 ° C, rau 24 teev.
Yog tias lub pluab muaj qhov ua tau zoo, ces nws tuaj yeem nqa cov ris tsho 2 teev tom qab koj tua, yog li koj tuaj yeem txuag 48 teev. Kev hnav khaub ncaws ntawm cov tawv nqaij luav raws li kev siv tshuab thib ob yog siv yog tias lawv muaj xiav ntau.
Siv rab riam hauv chav ua noj los yog rab riam yos hav zoov rau kev siv. Koj tsis tas yuav ua kom nws ntse, vim nws yooj yim kom puas lub dermis nrog rab riam ntse.
Tshem cov seem ntawm cov nqaij thiab cov rog yog qhov tsim nyog, pib nrog lub pob tw thiab txav mus rau sab xub ntiag ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txiav me ntsis txoj leeg ntawm lub paws ntawm tus tsiaj thiab tshem tawm cov zaj duab xis los ntawm dermis manually, tib lub sijhawm txiav cov nqaij nrog rab riam.
Cov tawv nqaij cov kauj ruam
Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua thawj, muaj ntau kauj ruam ntxiv rau kev hnav khaub ncaws tawv nqaij:
- ntxuav thiab degreasing ntawm plaub;
- pickling;
- tanning;
- ib tug nqa;
- ziab;
- muag muag;
- sib tsoo.
Tom qab khov, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxuav lub pluab thiab dermis hauv dej sov li ntawm 38 ° C txhawm rau kom yaj cov roj ntxiv. Hauv 10 l dej koj yuav tsum ntxiv 10 g ntawm ntxuav hmoov thiab 10 g ntawm tshuaj ntxuav tais diav.
Ua nws tus kheej yog tias muaj ntau xiav nyob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, lossis yog tias koj tau dua lub dermis nrog kev noj tshuaj. Ntxuav ob zaug - ntawm pluab, thiab tig tawv rau sab hauv. Tom qab ntxuav, cov tawv nqaij yuav tsum creak, yog tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim, kev ntxuav yuav tsum txuas mus ntxiv.
Yog tias cov tawv nqaij muaj qhov siab zoo, lawv tau muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws 30 feeb nrog "Kev khwv nyiaj txiag" hom nrog lub kiv ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntxuav tas, koj tuaj yeem pib de tawv nqaij.
Luav tawv nqaij xaiv
Pickling yog ib theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws. Nws yog nqa tawm los tua cov tawv nqaij. Los npaj cov kua picel koj yuav xav tau:
- 10 l dej sov (38 ° C);
- 20 diav ntsev (50 g / l);
- 100 g ntawm formic acid (10 g / l).
Formic acid tsis tso tawm ib qho tsis hnov tsw ntawm cov tawv nqaij thiab tsis muaj pa phem, tsis zoo li acetic lossis sulfuric.
Formic acid yuav tsum tau ntxiv hauv ob theem: ib nrab thaum npaj qhov kev daws thiab ib nrab hauv 2 teev tom qab cov tawv nqaij tau tsau rau hauv kev daws. Sulfuric thiab acetic acid yog ntxiv rau cov tshuaj hauv ib qho mus.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li furatsilin, tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau qhov kev daws teeb meem kom tiv thaiv tau qhov tsim ntawm cov kab mob putrefactive. Cov tawv yog sab laug nyob rau hauv xws li kev daws rau ib hnub, thiab tom qab ntawd me ntsis ntxuav. Xaiv tuaj yeem suav tau tias ua tiav.
Kev npaj ntawm tannin
Txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj tanning hauv 10 l dej ntxiv 500 g ntsev thiab 30 g ntawm chrome tanning tus neeg sawv cev. Xws li cov kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem hloov nrog lub decoction ntawm ntoo qhib lossis Walnut nplooj (250 g ntawm nplooj rau 1 liter dej). Cov cawv no txias rau qhov kub txog 38 ° C, ntsev ntxiv thiab cov tawv nqaij tau muab raus rau hauv nws.
Yuav kom ua kom nruab nrab ntawm cov kua qaub, 2 teev tom qab cov tawv nqaij tau raus rau hauv cov tshuaj tanning, ntxiv ci dej qab zib hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem ntawm 4 g / l.
Tom qab tanning, tawv nqaij tau ntxuav dua thiab muab tso rau hauv qab xovxwm rau ib hnub. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau qhuav nyob rau hauv chav tsev li ob hnub nrog pluab sab nraud, lawv tig tawm thiab ziab cov khoom qhuav rau peb hnub. Thaum lub sijhawm ziab, thaj chaw txho ntawm lub dermis yog xuas tes ua.
Thaum kawg ntawm ziab, daim tawv nqaij yuav tsum sib zog li cov tawv khau.
Cov theem kawg ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws
Cov theem tom ntej hauv kev tsim cov tawv luav hauv tsev yog muag muag. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, txhua daim tawv nqaij tau kho nrog kev kho ntawm glycerol thiab dej, uas tau npaj hauv qhov feem 1: 4. Tom qab ntub dej, lub dermis yog kneaded hauv xib teg.
Txhawm rau ntub cov dermis, siv cov tshuaj tsuag txau, rov ua qhov txheej txheem txhua 30 feeb rau 1.5-2 teev.
Hnav cov tawv nqaij luav hauv tsev yog qhov yooj yim tab sis ua qauv ntev. Qhov kawg theem ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws yog kev sib tsoo. Ua kom ua tau li no, ntawv ntoo thuv xim.
Txhawm rau tshuaj dawb thiab ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov pellets, daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem muab pleev ua ntej nrog xaum.
