Yog tias kuv pib kuv lub tsev lub caij ntuj sov ua lag luam rov qab ua lag luam thiab yog tias 30 xyoo dhau los nws yuav yooj yim dua nrog kev tsim tsev hauv tsev, uas siv ntau lub sijhawm thiab lub zog, cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tu vaj, Kuv yuav mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hais txog kev cog cov vaj zaub cog qoob loo, nrog rau yuav ib qho noob lossis tsim noob (ntawm Is Taws Nem, ntawm chav kawm). Tom qab ntawd txhua yam yog ntau nyuab. Ua tsaug rau cov tub ntxhais hluas tam sim no (kuv tus tub thiab nws cov phooj ywg), peb txiv hmov txiv ntoo txawm li ntawd loj hlob hauv kuv thaj chaw. Thaum xub thawj kuv ntsia lawv zoo li tsob txiv hmab zoo nkauj: lawv muab duab ntxoov ntxoo rau ntawm qab khav thiab zoo. Tom qab ntawd kuv saib - ntawm ceg ob peb pawg txiv hmab tau deformed. "Yuav ua li cas zoo, Kuv xav tias, cov xeeb ntxwv yuav muaj ib yam dab tsi los ua noj rau (dua li peb cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo txwm - txiv ntoo, txiv ntoo, txiv ntoo, txiv plooj, thiab lwm yam)." Thiab tom qab ntawd tus tub ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv tshuab pruning txiv hmab siv Is Taws Nem. Thiab ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim: peb lub hmab hmab tau ua rau ntau cov txiv hmab uas muaj txaus rau khoom noj thiab cawv. Thiab kuv nyiam ua cov cawv txiv hmab, raws li nyeem ntawm Botanichki twb paub lawm. Kev paub me ntsis hauv kev loj hlob kuv thawj peb lub vog hav txwv yeem ua rau kuv paub tias kev coj noj coj ua yog qhov ntau dua li kev cog qoob loo rau hauv lub vaj ib txwm rau Tver cheeb tsam cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo - raspberries, currants, gooseberries, thiab lwm yam. Thiab tsis tsuas yog xav paub ntau, tab sis kuj tsim ntau dua.
Txiv quav cawv © Joe ShlabotnikHauv Is Taws Nem, Kuv pom tias ntau dua thiab ntau dua gardeners yog tam sim no sau cov caij ntuj no-tawv tawv txiv hmab. Nws hloov tawm hais tias cov neeg txawj ntse yeej yog qhov yog: cov tswv yim thiab kev xav paub tuaj ib txhij rau ntau tus neeg. Kuv tau txais kev tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov nqe lus ntawm gardeners txog kev sau qoob loo ntawm lub caij ntuj no-Hardy grape ntau yam:
- "Hauv kuv daim phiaj ntawm kev ua paj txiv hmab, zoo li tej nroj";
- "Xyoo no lub caij ntuj sov tsis zoo, tab sis kuv sau ib tev ntawm cov txiv hmab tawv ntoo thaum lub caij ntuj no."
Tsis ntseeg siab yuav tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias ib tug poj niam tsis tau caw nws tuaj xyuas nws qhov chaw (qhov rooj txuas ntxiv). Ntawm thaj chaw, ib txoj kab hauv toj ntawm lub tsev coj mus rau hauv tus dej, tag nrho cov entwined nrog cov hmab uas tau ntab nrog cov txiv hmab hauv hmab. Kev paub txog tus tswv tsev tsis nyiam qhov tsis zoo rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab khoom plig ntawm xwm, nws tsis nyuaj rau xav tias cov txiv hmap no tsis tau pom tus tswv txoj kev nyiam rau lub sijhawm ntev, nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no nws loj hlob los ntawm nws tus kheej thiab tau txais kev pab tsuas yog ib tsob ntoo ornamental (theej thickened). Txawm li cas los xij, muaj 300 kg ntawm cov txiv ntoo rau nws. Thaum kuv kawm txog lub caij ntuj no-tawv tawv txiv ntoo txiv ntoo uas tuaj yeem tiv taus te ntawm -32 ° C, kuv txoj kev hlub rau cov kab lis kev cai no thaum kawg tau tsim.
Txiv quav cawv © * USB *Nws ntseeg tau tias lub caij ntuj no-tawv tawv txiv hmab ntau yam yuav tsum tau siv zog tsawg dua los saib xyuas lawv, uas yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li nrov npe ntawm cov neeg ua teb nyob rau hauv central Russia thiab Siberia. Lawv tau ua tiav siv, raws li kev loj hlob sai tshaj plaws, rau kev tsim kho av ntawm thaj chaw (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog arbors, verandas, phab ntsa ntawm tsev, hedges), thiab raws li cov rooj ntau yam rau kev ua kua txiv, kua txiv, haus dej txiv ntoo lossis kev noj tshiab. Cov kev paub zoo txog winegrowers yuav qhia koj tias lub caij ntuj no-tawv tawv txiv hmab muaj "qib siab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo." Txawm li cas los xij, qhov khoom ntiag tug zoo ntawm lawv ua rau ntau dhau ntawm tsob ntoo thiab, vim li ntawd, qhov zoo ntawm cov qoob loo yuav poob, cov berries paub tsis zoo, thiab lub caij ntuj no hardiness ntawm bushes tsis muaj zog. Nrog ib tug high tawm los, grapes ncaj qha muab kev pab cuam mus rau tag nrho ripening ntawm berries, tab sis mus ntxiv dag zog tshiab tua lawv tsis nyob twj ywm, thiab lawv tsis zoo tsim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv uas xav tau ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus tsis yog khaws cia rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav, yog li lub hav zoov yog depleted thiab tuag tau.
Txiv quav cawv © Peter WerkmanQhov thiaj li hu rationing ntawm cov qoob loo eases lub load rau ntawm Bush. Rau qhov no, pruning pom zoo nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum ntxov. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, ib feem ntawm ob lub raum yuav tuag vim yog khov los yog ua kom qhuav, yog li lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas cov hauv paus hniav txhawm rau txhawm rau kuaj qhov muag tuag thiab, raws li qhov no, pruning. Ntau tus pom zoo kom pruning txiv hmab thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, thiab tom qab ntawd tshem cov txiv hmab los ntawm nws cov kev txhawb nqa, qhwv nws nrog "breathable" npog cov khoom, nteg nws rau hauv av, npog nws nrog nplooj poob, thiab lub caij ntuj no nws raug nquahu kom npog nws nrog daus. Koj tuaj yeem nyeem feem ntau hais tias yog tias koj tu qhov chaw nkaum ntawm cov tsiaj hauv grape rau lub caij ntuj no, hmab yuav ua koj tsaug. Tias yog vim li cas Siberians thiaj li zoo siab nyob rau hauv cov los daus winters. Muaj ntau cov daus ntawm Siberia, thiab daus txhais tau hais tias sov thiab dawb huv, qhov tsis muaj qhov kis tau tom qab. Tais tau huv si, tsis muaj kab mob ntawm cov kab mob fungal. Yog li cov neeg tsim kev paub tau hais tias txiv hmab yuav tiv taus txawm tias hnyav te, tab sis tsuas yog tias zoo them rau hauv cov daus. Nws ntseeg tau tias txheej daus ntawm 10 centimeters muab nroj tsuag 10 degrees ntawm tshav kub.
Txiv quav cawv © Joe ShlabotnikNyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, txawm tias tom qab hnyav frosts, muaj kev cia siab rau kev ua tiav, vim hais tias lub caij ntuj no-Hardy txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ntau yam hloov loj zog. Txhua lub raum hauv av, nyob ntawm tus kav, muaj ntau lwm - me, pw. Cov no yog cov nplooj ntau uas khov dua li cov txiv ntoo thiab lawv tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob hauv av nyob ob peb xyoos. Cov kws tshaj lij paub tias nyob rau hauv txhua lub raum ntawm txoj hmab muaj ib qho diaphragm uas muaj cov embryos ntawm cov hauv paus hniav yav tom ntej. Lawv suav hais tias lub hmab yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag, muaj peev xwm tiv tau los ntawm kev txhaws thiab zam rau 20 degrees. Txawm hais tias lub hauv paus khov khov, lub txiv hmab tshiab ntawm tsob ntoo ib txwm tuaj yeem loj hlob los ntawm tsob txiv hmab. Tias yog vim li cas koj tuaj yeem muaj kev nyab xeeb muab lub caij ntuj no-tawv tawv txiv ntoo grape ntau qhov chaw hauv koj lub vaj.
Kuv xav qhia rau tus nyeem ntawm Botanichki txog cov txiv hmab ntau yam uas kuv tau saib tom qab thiab yuav xaj.
Ntiv
Grape ntau Crystal.
Qhov no yog txiv hmab ntau yam ntawm European-Amur keeb kwm, nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev loj hlob quab yuam, lub caij nplooj zeeg thaum ntxov (txog 115 hnub). Bunches ntawm nruab nrab qhov loj me, hnyav 200-300 grams, tuab tuab. Cov txiv ntseej yog nruab nrab, hnyav 2-4 grams, me ntsis oval, dawb. Lub sam thiaj yog cov kua txiv, daim tawv nqaij muaj zog, cov ntsiab lus qab zib yog 18-19%. Lub sijhawm siav ntawm cov yub yog qhov zoo heev (90 -100%). Cov load yog 50 qhov muag ib qhov Bush, nrog qhov ntev ntawm pruning txiv hmab txiv hmab rau 3-4 qhov muag. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias thaum lub hav zoov tuab tuab, lub zes qe menyuam muaj qhov txhab, vim yog pawg tuaj ua kom tsis muaj zog, cov qoob loo poob qis. Yog li ntawd, qhov ua tau zoo pruning thiab rationing ntawm cov qoob loo yog qhov tsim nyog. Sau rau ntawm bushes rau yuav luag tag nrho lub caij. Cov ntau yam yog resistant rau Frost (-29ºС), mildew, oidium, grey rot yog tsis puas. Siv los ua kom qhuav ntawm lub rooj cawv txiv hmab thiab Heris cawv.
Marinovsky
Grapes qib Marinovsky.
Qhov ntau tau bred los ntawm hla kev sib txawv North thiab Muscat ntawm Hamburg. Nws cov bushes yog zog, Ntau yam Marinovsky belongs rau nruab nrab-lig kom loj hlob cawu cub ntau yam. Cov pawg yog qhov loj, nrog qhov hnyav nruab nrab ntawm 280-300 grams. Berry 12 x 14 hli, me ntsis lub qw, xiav tsaus. Cov tev yog qhov muaj zog, muaj kua nqaij, qab zib cov ntsiab lus 24%. Nws yog siv rau kev ua kua, cov cawv txiv ntoo qhuav zoo heev ntxiv rau kev noj tshiab.
Isabella
Grapes qib IsabellaCov ntau yam tau tuaj rau hauv Russia los ntawm North America, yog lub ntuj sib xyaw ntawm cov hom ntawm Lambrusk thiab Winnifer. Xa mus rau cov txuj ci ntau yam ntawm nruab nrab-lig ripening. Av hauj lwm yog cov muaj zog heev, tua siav. Cov pawg yog me me, conical me ntsis, yuav luag cylindrical, xoob xoob. Cov txiv ntseej yog nruab nrab, puag ncig lossis me ntsis kheej li lub qw, dub nrog lub ntsej muag xiav, nrog lub peculiar straw tsw. Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm nce tsis kam mus rau te, fungal kab mob thiab phylloxera. Qhov ntau yog nthuav rau cov hom phiaj zoo nkauj: tus qauv tsim ntawm arbors, arches, thiab lwm yam.; paub zoo, yooj yim cag. Qhov load ntawm lub hav txwv yeem nyob ntawm cov duab thiab lub zog hauv hav zoov. Pruning vines rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo 6-8 qhov muag. Lub caij ntuj no hardiness yog siab (-32ºС). Resistant mus rau mildew thiab grey rot, tsis zoo tiv thaiv los ntawm oidium.
Tus noog
Grape ntau Riesling. © Tom MaackIb txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txiv hmab rau kev siv, German xaiv (Heisenheim), nruab nrab lub caij nruab nrab (130-135 hnub). Kev loj hlob yog nruab nrab lossis siab dua qhov nruab nrab. Tua hneev yog qhov zoo. Cov pawg yog cylindrical, ntawm nruab nrab loj, hnyav 120-150 g, nruab nrab ceev. Cov txiv ntoo yog cov nruab nrab, hnyav kwv yees li 1.4 g, npawv, dawb hauv tshav nrog liab sawv. Lub sam thiaj yog qhov muaj kua, daim tawv nqaij yog nyias, muaj zog. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tua txog 95%, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua tau zoo. Ib lub nra ntawm 60 lub qhov muag rau ib lub hav txwv yeem nrog qhov ntev ntawm pruning txiv hmab hmab txiv ntoo rau 3-4 qhov muag. Zoo sib xws nrog khoom seem. Nws Dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo, nws yog nquag rau overloading cov qoob loo, tab sis tseem yuav tsum muaj kev cai ntawm lub load ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua qoob loo. Kev tiv thaiv mus rau te-26 ° C, ntau dua los yog tsawg dua tiv thaiv mildew, oidium, mus rau phylloxera, tiv taus grey rot. Faib hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, Asmeskas, Canada, New Zealand. Siv los ua rooj qhuav cawv.
Alpha
Grapes qib Alpha.
Kev sib xyaw (Vitis Labruska x Vitis Riparia), zes tom Far Eastern chaw nres tsheb VIR. Raws li cov qeb kawm ntawm lub sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm kev ua kom loj. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tsob ntoo yog muaj zog. Cov pawg yog qhov nruab nrab, hnyav 150-180 g, cylindrical, nruab nrab ntom ntom. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nruab nrab (taub 16-17 hli), puag ncig, dub, nrog "tsw zoo" tsw. Daim tawv nqaij yog yooj yim sib cais los ntawm lub sam thiaj. Berries ripen nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub Cuaj Hli. Heev tsim qib. Tus naj npawb ntawm pawg ib qho ntawm fruitful tua yog 3-4. Lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm cov yub yog qhov zoo heev. Nws muaj cov cag zoo yav tom ntej. Vim tias nws lub siab khov tiv thaiv tsis kam, ntau yam muaj nyob hauv cov qauv tshuaj ntawm Thaj Chaw Primorsky, nrog rau lwm thaj chaw ntawm sab qaum teb viticulture. Qhov ntau yog tag nrho tiv taus tus kab mob. Alpha yog siv rau kev tsim kho vaj tse, gazebos, hedges thiab awnings (suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntau yam rau cov hom phiaj dai), thiab tseem ceeb tshaj - rau kev ua cov cawv qhuav.
P.S. Hauv kev xaus, nws zoo nkaus li tsim nyog los muab ib daim ntawv teev npe ntawm qee qhov tsis npog thiab zaws npog cov txiv hmab ntau yam pom zoo rau kev cog qoob loo hauv thaj chaw tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb ntau ntawm Lavxias.
- Tsis duav tej txiv hmab uas muaj ntau homa. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv, ntawm no tsuas yog qee leej xwb: Alpha, Amethyst, Amur Potapenko, Amur kev kov yeej, Amur hla, Valur, Dove, Isabella, Crystal, Kay Grey, Londo Noir, Lydia, Lyubava, Lucille, Marinovsky, Mure Erli, Saperavi sab qaum teb, Seneca, Triumph, Winchel, Ntxiv, thiab lwm yam. Cov hom npog tsis tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv te nrog qhov kub ntawm kev rho tawm 28 degrees, thiab qee qhov txog rau 32 degrees.
- Raug cai npog ntau yam: Don Agate, Adele, Aleshenkin, Pineapple thaum ntxov, Arctic, Armalag, Balabanovsky, Vulture, Far Eastern Novikova, Maj mam, Korinka Lavxias, Kev zoo nkauj ntawm Sab Qaum Teb, Liepajas dzintars, Olesya Far Eastern, Nco Dombkovskaya, Rogachevsky, Lavxias Taeseman, Paj yeeb Besseman , Tsirawas Agraa, Juodupe, thiab lwm yam.
Kuv cov phooj ywg, raws li koj pom, muaj ib yam dab tsi los xaiv thiab yuav - tag nrho cov nroj tsuag hauv cov lauj kaub los yog tsawg kawg txiav. Yog li, mus rau nws, cog txiv hmab hauv koj thaj av, ua tiav rau koj!
