Tus tsim txom ntawm cov khaub ncaws Royal

"Solomon nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws lub yeeb koob tsis hnav zoo li ib yam ntawm lawv."

Margarita Filippovna Kireeva paub rau txhua tus neeg nyiam saib nws tus kheej ntawm cov lilies. Nws cov khoom sib txawv yeej cov khoom plig ntawm cov khoom plig muaj koob npe Expo 90 hauv Nyij Pooj, ntsaws txoj siv sia ntawm Dutch qhov ubititous. Kev hlub zoo heev rau cov paj laum ncav mus thoob plaws nws lub neej. Ntawm lwm yam, nws paub yuav ua li cas thiaj sau tau pob paj ntxim nyiam thiab sau cov nqe lus zoo nkauj ...

Ib daim noog tau ploj mus ntawm qhov tob ntawm ntau pua xyoo ua ntej nws pom qhov chaw tsim nyog hauv peb lub vaj. Thawj tus paub yog cov daus-dawb lily (dawb, candidum), tseem hu ua Madonna's Lily. Nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov tuam tsev, duab puab thiab duab cim ntawm nkauj xwb mab liab. Daus-dawb lily loj hlob qus hauv lub teb chaws ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Mediterranean. Nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv phau ntawv hu ua phau npaiv npaum luam tawm xyoo 1891, nws tau hais txog qhov muaj siab ntsws: "Cov meadows ntawm Palestine hloov nrog ntau yam tshuaj tsw qab, zoo nkauj ntawm cov nroj tsuag". Cov xwm txheej ntawm Central Russia rau yav qab teb txoj kev zoo nkauj yog qhov hnyav heev, yog li ntawm no nws tsis tshua muaj neeg paub, tab sis nyob rau ntau thaj av yav qab teb - North Caucasus thiab Krasnodar Thaj Av lawv tswj tau zoo dua.

Lily Asiatic Hybrid

© gailf548

Nyob ntawm cov teb chaws sib txawv, muaj ntau hom paj lilies tau pom, muaj ntau haiv neeg hauv lub ntsej muag thiab "tus cwj pwm", xws li los ntawm cov kev ntxim nyiam ntawm cov lilies ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj (l. Zoo nkauj, l. Golden), xaus nrog qhov tsis tshua muaj tab sis tsis muaj tsawg dua cov paj lilies ntawm Far East, Siberia thiab Canada (l. brindle, l. drooping, l. Canadian, thiab lwm yam).

Kev siv sijhawm ntev ntawm cov neeg yug menyuam tau ua rau tsim kev ua tiav ntawm cov lilies loj loj, mus rau kev loj hlob ntawm lawv cov koob npe thoob ntiaj teb. Tam sim no, muaj ntau dua 100 tsiaj thiab txog 5,000 ntau hom muaj nyob hauv International Lily Npe. Tsim kev faib tawm thoob ntiaj teb. Lub International Center rau Ntau Yam Kev Sau Npe hauv London tau tsim muaj.

Qhov feem ntau lub caij ntuj no-hardy thiab yooj yim nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai, Neeg Esxias hybrids. Tubular tsis tshua muaj lub caij ntuj no-tawv thiab xav tau ntau ntawm cov av, tab sis lawv nyiam mloog nrog kev coj dawb huv thiab ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov duab paj thiab zoo kawg nkaus aroma. Yeej, cov ob pab pawg ntawm cov paj laum, tab sis nrog qhov zoo ntawm Asiatic, thiab tau kis hauv peb lub vaj. Tau kawg, lwm pab pawg pom ib qho chaw hauv lawv, tshwj xeeb yog Sab Hnub Tuaj, Asmeskas, Euro-Caucasian hybrids, kev ntxias nrog lawv cov kab txawv, tab sis lawv xav tau kev nce siab thiab kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, thiab ntau zaus - tsim microclimate hauv qab zaj duab xis lossis iav, zoo li npaj av tshwj xeeb. Cov.

Lily Daus Dawb Hybrid (Lily Candidum Hybrid)

Cov neeg Esxias cov menyuam tseem tshuav lawv lub caij ntuj no tawv tawv rau cov thawj hom tsiaj uas loj hlob hauv Siberia thiab Far East - tsov, Daurian, pom nplooj, Sakhalin thiab lwm tus. Lub ncov ntawm lawv cov tawg paj hauv qhov av tau tshwm sim hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm Lub Xya Hli, thaum muaj ob peb lub paj ntoo hauv vaj: "Tulips tau ploj zuj zus lawm, kev sib tw peonies tau pov tseg lawv cov lus hnav zoo nkauj; lub caij ntuj sov tau los, thiab hauv lub vaj ntsuab, paj loog hlawv ci ci."

Lawv suav tsis tau hauv qhov txiav. Zoo nkauj heev tiv thaiv cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov nyom ntsuab hauv cov pab pawg lossis kab hlau rhuav. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo nkauj yog lawv cov ntau yam nrog cov xim daj, txiv kab ntxwv thiab liab nyob ib sab ntawm xiav thiab xiav delphinium, xiav irises thiab bluebells, txhua lub paj dawb.

Hauv Lavxias, thawj thawj zaug, kev ua haujlwm sib deev nrog lilies pib thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem I.V.Michurin, leej twg tsim cov paj yeeb lily Fialkova. Hauv Txhua Lub Lavxias Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Koom Tes ntawm Horticulture. I.V.Michurina, tus sau tsab xov xwm, nrog rau N.V. Ivanova, N.G. Korshikova, V.V. Martynova tau tsim ntau tshaj 100 cog lus ntawm ntau yam thiab cov tsiaj me. Cov no yog cov nroj tsuag uas muaj ntau haiv neeg hauv cov xim, cov duab ntawm cov paj thiab inflorescences, qhov siab, lub sij hawm paj thiab lwm yam ntxwv, haum rau kev cog hauv kev qhib thiab tiv thaiv hauv av thoob plaws hauv Russia.

Lily Curly Hybrid, Lily Martagon Hybrid

Ntawm no yog cov xyoo dhau los ntawm kev sim ntau yam, yug me nyuam VNIIS lawv. I.V.Michurina:

reds - Kalinka, Sibiryachka, Irony, Oriental Tale, Cherry, Bulgaria, Camilla;
daj - Volkhov, Daj Daj, Oriole, Relay; txiv kab ntxwv - Polyushko, Annushka;
paj yeeb thiab paum liab - Paj Yeeb Seagull, Paj Yeeb Michurinsky, Tus ntxhais ntawm Iolanta, Carousel, Ophelia, Rufina, Paj Yeeb Fantasy, Rotunda, Ksenia, Julia;
apricot thiab txiv kab ntxwv - Mlada, Instant, Radiant, Radiant, Lionella, Scherzo, Euphoria;
dawb thiab qab zib - Alibi, Zoo Thaum Sawv ntxov, Hiav Txwv Npuas, Odette;
ob-suab - Virinea, Michurin Ode, Emblem.

Xyoo 1997, ntau hom Raspberry jingle thiab Sawv ntxov Misty tau qhia hauv lub xeev kev sim nrog cov xim sib phim rau cov npe.

Yuav luag txhua hom khoom siv hauv tsev muaj xws li bulbous, uas yog, lawv muaj buds ntawm cov qia (qij), yog li lawv tuaj yeem nthuav tawm tau yooj yim thiab sai sai.

Tsis ntev los no, cov xim paj laum tau nyiam "txhuam cov cim" - cov tsiaj sib txuas nrog Asmeskas nrog ib qho chaw sib piv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm txhua daim nplaim paj. Cov lus txhais tseeb "brushmark" txhais tau tias "txhuam stroke". Hauv kev txhais lus dawb, qhov no tuaj yeem ua lus Lavxias zoo li "pleev xim." Yog lawm, lub hnub qub paj ntawm lilies zoo li yog pleev xim nrog txhuam. Siv cov Wangard ntau yam, ib qho ntawm thawj Asmeskas "brashmark", raws li thawj daim ntawv, peb tau txais ntau yam ntawm cov "pleev xim" hybrids, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav tam sim ntawd.

Lily Ntse-flowered hybrid (Lily Candidum Hybrid)

Kev Koom Tes Thoob Ntiaj Teb ntawm Hybrid Lilies

Nqe I

Cov Neeg Asmeskas Cov Hluav Taws Xob (Asia Asia Hybrids): Cov no yog cov ntau hom ntau. Yooj yim rau yug, unpretentious, te-resistant. Xum xoob, av muaj roj. Paj yog feem ntau tsis hnov tsw, nrog lub cheeb txog li 12cm. Cog rau 4-5 xyoos.

Nqe II

Curly Hybrids, Lub Martagon Hybrids: Unpretentious, te-resistant ntau yam. Lawv nyiam kom loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntxoov ntxoo lossis hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo; hlob rau 150cm. Cov duab paj yog chalmoid nrog cov nplaim paj.

Nqe III

Daus-dawb hybrids, Candidum Hybrids: Qhov siab li 150cm. nrog dawb dav-crowned tswb-puab, paj lis ntev txog 10cm. nyob rau hauv lub taub. Muaj txog 30 ntau yam. Lawv tshav ntuj, chaw nkaum zoo yog qhov xav tau rau lub caij ntuj no. Tsis txhob zam acidic xau.

Nqe IV

American Hybrids: Qhov siab ntawm 120cm. Paj kub nrog thawj qhov loj me. Lawv nyiam me ntsis acidic, noo noo, zoo-av-xau av. Txoj kev hloov ntshav tsis zoo ua siab ntev. Lub caij ntuj no hardiness tsis muaj zog.

Nqe V

Ntev-tso zis sib xyaws (The Longiflorum Hybrids): Mus txog 120cm siab. Heev thermophilic thiab ua rau kis kab mob. Feem ntau yog cog hauv tsev ntsuab rau kev txiav rau muag.

Nqe VI

Tubular thiab Orleans hybrids (The Trumpet Hybrids): Mus txog 130cm siab. Lawv muaj lub zog khov kho. Txheeb me ntsis alkaline av, chaw nyob yog xav tau rau lub caij ntuj no. Rau lub caij ntuj no zoo dua, txo cov dej hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg.

Nqe VII

Oriental hybrids: Lub paj txog 30cm. nyob rau hauv lub taub. Lawv nyiam xoob, weakly acidic fertile xau. Cov txheej txheem te tsis muaj zog, yog li vaj tse yog qhov tsim nyog (mulching nrog humus txheej txog 7 cm. Los yog poob nplooj txog li 20 cm.). Kev hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj yog nthuav tawm maj nrog dej.

Nqe VIII

LA-Hybrids (LA-Hybrids) - Lub caij ntuj no-tawv tawv, photophilous. Siv feem ntau rau xyoo-round distillation hauv greenhouses.
OT-Hybrids (OT-Hybrids) - Cov paj tsw zoo heev li 25cm. nyob rau hauv lub taub. Siv rau distillation.
LO-Hybrids - Cov paj zoo nkauj heev. Rau lub caij ntuj no, khawb qhov muag teev.
OA Hybrids (OA-Hybrids) - ib pab pawg tshiab thiab muaj kev cia siab, tau los ntawm kev hla dhau sab hnub tuaj (Oriental) thiab Asia (Aziatic) hybrids.

Nqe IX

Cov tsiaj lilies (Tsiaj qus) thiab lawv ntau yam: Ib qho kev faib tawm cais tau tsim rau lawv.

Lily Tubular Hybrid - Orleans Hybrid (Lily Trumpet Hybrid)

Loj hlob

Thaum sau cov paj laum ua ke, lawv cov ntau yam yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv av thiab huab cua. Lub caij ntuj no-tawv tawv Asian hybrids tau cog rau hauv ib pawg, thiab tubular hybrids hauv lwm qhov, txij li tom kawg tsis nyiam acidic xau, thiab lawv yuav tsum tau them rau lub caij ntuj no. Rau kev tsaws txawm ntau "capricious" Oriental hybrids, daim phiaj yog npaj nyias.

Hauv qhov chaw qhib hnub ci, Tubular thiab Asian hybrids loj hlob zoo, tom kawg zam lub teeb shading zoo li. Tag nrho cov lilies nws thiaj li tuag los ntawm cov dej teev, yog li thaj chaw dej nyab tsis zoo rau lawv.

Xav tias cov paj laum nyob hauv ib qho chaw rau 3-5 xyoos, lawv khawb av heev ua ntej cog thiab ntxiv los ntawm 4 mus rau 10 thoob (nyob ntawm cov av zoo) ntawm humus thiab 50-100 g ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntxhia hauv av rau 1 sq.m. Txog rau cov neeg Esxias hybrids, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau ntxiv peat fertilizer, rau lilies tubular, intolerant ntawm acid acid, nws yog qhov zoo ntxiv rau ntoo tshauv, pob txha pob txha lossis txiv qaub 200-500 g rau 1 sq.m. Nrog txoj kev rov ua kom zoo ua cov khoom cog ua ntej, qhov kev xav tau zoo tshaj plaws yuav ploj mus li 2-3 xyoos.

Hauv nruab nrab thaj chaw ntawm Russia, qhov muag teev feem ntau cog rau lub Cuaj Hli - Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj ntxov, tab sis cog caij nplooj ntoo hlav tseem muaj peev xwm ua tau. Yog tias tsim nyog, lilies tuaj yeem hloov lub sijhawm txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub caij nyoog, txawm tias hauv buds, tab sis tib lub sijhawm sim txuag lub pob av nrog cov hauv paus hniav. Qij ua ntej cog nrog etched nrog ib qho pom zoo fungicides lossis hmoov av zawj.

Kev cog ntoo qhov tob yog feem ntau 12-30 cm thiab nyob ntawm qhov xwm ntawm cov av, qhov loj me ntawm lub noob, thiab qee zaum nyob ntawm hom Lily. Yog li, cov daus-dawb lily tsis zam lub qhov sib sib zog nqus cog, nws cov nplooj hlav tawm los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm lub teeb. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws nrug ntawm lub qhov muag teev yog 25-30 cm.

Ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej rau kev ua tiav zoo ntawm lilies yog lub sij hawm hloov mus rau qhov chaw tshiab. Raws li txoj cai, txhua txhua peb rau plaub xyoos, overgrown nests ntawm qhov muag teev tau raug khawb, cov qhov muag teev tau sib cais thiab cog ib tus zuj zus hauv av tshiab.

Cov me nyuam Esxias ua tau yooj yim nthuav tawm los ntawm qhov muag teev, menyuam yaus, noob dos loj, thiab noob ntau yam los ntawm qij. Buns raug tshem tawm thaum lub Yim Hli, thaum lawv pib tau yooj yim cais ntawm qia, thiab cog rau hauv "tsev kawm ntawv" mus rau qhov tob ntawm 2-3 cm thiab nyob deb li ntawm 5-7 cm ntawm ib leeg. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, thiab qee zaum thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, lawv tawg paj. Hauv thawj xyoo, rosette ntawm nplooj yog tsim, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob lub paj stalk yog tsim, los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg nws yog lub teeb uas haum rau cog hauv qhov chaw mus tas li. Txhawm rau txo qhov tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm lub caij nyoog, tom qab yauv nplooj, faded stems raug txiav thiab pov tseg.

Cov teeb meem zoo dua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov paj, qhov noj qab haus huv lawv yog, qeeb qeeb lawv hnub nyoog thiab ntev dua lawv zoo siab rau peb nrog lawv cov paj zoo kawg li.