Hornbeam yog tsob ntoo los ntawm tsev neeg birch nrog lub neej ntev txog 300 xyoo. Lub sijhawm no, nws tuaj yeem loj hlob mus rau qhov siab txog 30 meters, thaum nws muaj pob tw loj tsis loj, tsis pub dhau 40 cm. Nws loj hlob ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov av loj ntawm Tebchaws Europe, muab faib rau hauv Asia Minor, Caucasus thiab Transcaucasia, thiab Iranian Highlands. Loj hlob qeeb, nyiam ua cov koog dav dav. Qee lub sij hawm koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntoo cog ntshiab, thiab hauv Caucasus nws nce mus rau qhov siab ntawm 2000 meters thiab sab saud.
Lub hornbeam belongs rau cov nroj tsuag monoecious. Blooms nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis-Tsib Hlis, paj txiv neej thiab poj niam hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhwv ntsej. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj - Kaum Hli. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov xim av me me, ci txiv ntoo, 3-6 hli loj. Hauv ib kilogram ntawm sau ceev muaj yuav los ntawm 30 mus rau 35 txhiab me txiv ntoo.
Nws muaj qhov tawv tawv, txhav ntoo tsis zoo. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob, lub hornbeam chim khoov thiab ua tsis haum rau kev tsim kho, tab sis txawm li cas los xij, nws cov ntoo tau txais txiaj ntsig txij li puag thaum ub los. Nws tau siv hauv foundry, kws ntaus hlau thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo no muab cov nplaim hluav taws uas muaj pa taws, uas tau tso cai rau nws siv rau hauv chav ua mov ci thiab rooj tog. Nws lub zog thiab ruaj khov ntoo tau thiab siv rau niaj hnub no rau kev tsim cov leeg rau ntau yam cuab yeej, taus, thiab ntau yam zuag. Lub sijhawm no, nws ua cov yeeb yaj kiab billiard cue, txiav cov laug cam, pem teb, parquet, txhua yam ntawm cov cav tov thiab lwm yam khoom txhua hnub.
Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub hornbeam muaj zog thiab ruaj khov, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv sab nraud ntxiv nws poob nws cov yam ntxwv. Tib lub sijhawm, nws yooj yim heev rau kev pleev xim thiab kev kho nrog lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Nplooj thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tub ntxhais hluas tua ntawm tsob ntoo no tuaj yeem pub rau tsiaj txhu. Cov tawv ntoo yog siv rau cov tawv ntoo ziab, thiab cov roj yam tseem ceeb tau muab rho tawm los ntawm nplooj, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev niaj hnub cosmetology. Roj yog tsim los ntawm cov txiv ntoo hornbeam, uas tuaj yeem siv hauv kev ua noj.
Tsob ntoo no tsis saib tsis raug thiab tshuaj. Cov tawv ntoo hornbeam thiab nplooj muaj ntau qhov feem ntau ntawm tannins, aldehydes, gallic thiab caffeic acids, bioflavonoids, coumarins, cov roj yam tseem ceeb thiab ascorbic acid. Cov nkauj nyob nrog cov txiv ntoo. Nrog rau cov ntshav tsis raug thiab lub hlwb neoplasia, infusions ntawm lub paj ntawm tsob ntoo no yog siv. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tua yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev khaws cov tshuaj uas siv rau kev muaj menyuam hauv plab thiab muaj teeb meem thaum cev xeeb tub. Nyob rau tib txoj kev Txoj kev lis ntshav ntawm nplooj yog siv rau raws plab. Cov kua txiv ntawm tsob ntoo no muaj suab thaj ntau thiab muaj ntau yam organic.
Tiag tiag cov txuj ci tseem ceeb tau muab rau nws: raws li tus esotericists, nws muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam tus neeg txoj kev xav, thiab nws cov ntoo txhawb kom ua qhov zoo thiab ua zoo. Kev qev tiv thaiv ib lub cev ntoo koj tuaj yeem rov qab roj koj lub roj teeb thiab nyob tsaug zog thiab nquag ntev.
Hornbeam propagates los ntawm noob, tab sis tuaj yeem nthuav dav los ntawm txiav thiab ceg. Cov noob raug sown sai tom qab lawv sau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, tab sis nws yog qhov ua tau rau xyoo tom ntej. Cov noob zoo khaws cia rau hauv ntawv lossis hnab yas kav ntev ntev 2-3 xyoos. Hauv qhov no, ua ntej tsaws, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua qee yam kev npaj. Rau lub hom phiaj no, lawv tau khaws cia ntawm qhov kub ntawm + 20 ° C rau 15-60 hnub, thiab tom qab ntawd tom qab kub txog 1-10 ° C rau 90-120 hnub. Tom qab qhov no, cov noob tuaj yeem tseb tam sim ntawd los yog yub ntawm qhov kub ntawm + 20 ° C. Hauv qhov no, lav tua yuav tau txais. Kev txiav tawm hauv paus sai sai. Lub tshuab raj nqaj zoo heev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab tsuag.
Lub tshuab raj nqaj tsis whimsical rau cov xwm txheej ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo: nws tuaj yeem loj hlob zoo ob qho tib si hauv thaj chaw qhib thiab hauv kev ntxoov ntxoo. Tab sis nws yog kus txog cov av thiab nyiam kom zoo chiv, muaj dej noo txaus, av. Frost-resistant thiab cua-resistant, zoo kawg yoog rau hauv nroog thaj chaw. Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov tsis muaj dej noo, tab sis nyob rau lub sijhawm qhuav heev nws yuav tsum tau ywg dej tas mus li.
Ntau yam ntawm hornbeam
Hauv ntiaj teb no muaj ntau dua 30 hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag no, feem ntau muaj nyob hauv Asia. Teb chaws Europe tuaj yeem khav theeb tsuas yog ob hom, thiab Lavxias tsuas yog peb. Cov dav muaj xws li:
Hmoob Khej kub. Nws yog dav npe nrov hauv Asia muaj hnub nyoog, Caucasus, Iran, thiab Crimea. Tsob ntoo no yog siab li 5 metres siab, tab sis koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov qauv me me txawm tias siab dua. Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem ntsib tag nrho cov tuab ntawm Caucasian hornbeam - hawks. Feem ntau loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv koog zej zog ntawm ntoo qhib, beech thiab txiv ntseej.
Hornbeam Seaside (lub siab). Nws muaj nplooj sib xws ntawm lub hauv paus rau lub siab, uas yog vim li cas nws tau txais lub npe no. Cov ntoo no nrog qhov siab txog 10-20 metres tuaj yeem pom nyob rau sab qab teb-East ntawm Primorsky Thaj Av, Kauslim, Suav thiab Nyij Pooj. Ntawm no lawv nyiam thaj chaw ntawm tus taw ntawm lub roob nrog qhov siab ntawm 200 mus rau 300 meters thiab nyob hauv theem ob ntawm kev sib xyaw hav zoov. Insanely zoo nkauj thiab tshwj xeeb deciduous ntoo.
Lauj xibnas Carolinsky. Nws qhov chaw nyob yog sab hnub tuaj North America. Ntawm no nws tuaj yeem pom ze ntawm ntug dej ntawm cov dej ntws thiab raws tus ntug ntawm lub hav zoov. Nws qhov siab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 5-6 metres, thiab lub pob tw pob tw yog 150 hli. Heev feem ntau koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov hav zoov zoo li daim ntawv ntawm Karolinsky hornbeam.
Hornbeam Nkauj xwb. Ib qho ntawm subspecies ntawm Karolinsky hornbeam thiab loj hlob nyob rau sab qab teb North America. Koj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov ntoo hav zoov zoo li hom ntawm cov hom no nrog qhov muaj qhov siab ntawm thaj tsam li 4 metres thiab ib tus ntoo uas muaj qhov ntev li 400 cm. Vim tias qhov tseeb tias nws hlob qeeb, nws muaj peev xwm tswj kom muaj cov duab zoo nkauj rau lub sijhawm ntev: los ntawm puag ncig mus rau square lossis pyramidal-trapezoidal. Nws tiv taus cov plaub hau txiav thiab hloov chaw zoo heev. Los ntawm cog cov nroj tsuag no, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim los tsim cov vaj tse zoo nkauj los yog thauv duab puab, zoo li tsim kom muaj cov tha xim zoo nkauj.
Ntawm cov hom ntawm cov hornbeam ntau, ntau hom ntawv zoo nkauj tuaj yeem sau tseg:
