Ntawm cov tsiaj loj loj ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsiaj loj hlob raws ntug dej ntawm hav zoov pas dej thiab pas dej, nyob rau hauv cov hav zoov thiab cov neeg laus yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ntawm peb lub teb chaws, ib qho loj loj uas muaj cov plaub hau loj thiab cov paj ua paj nrog cov cob loj uas tau cog nrog lub paj ntsuab ntsuab yuav tsum tau sau tseg tshwj xeeb. Nws lub npe scientific yog calamus hav iav, thiab cov neeg hu ua cov nroj tsuag no "Tatar potion", txij li nws ntseeg tias nws tau coj mus rau Russia thaum lub caij nyoog ntawm lub Tatar-Mongol ntxeem tau, thaum cov neeg caij nkoj rhizomes mus rau hauv dej kom ntxuav cov dej thiab muab cov nees nrog qhov chaw tso dej nyab.
Calamus hav iav, los yog Cov Huab Cua, lossis Pas Nrig Cua, lossis Irish Cag (Tshaj tawm calamus) yog hom tsiaj ntawm perennial grasses ntawm lub genus Cua (Ntxhoo), monotypic tsev neeg Airy (Acoraceae). Lub genus Cua muaj ob (hauv nyias qhov chaw ntawm rau) hom. Huab cua marsh - ib hom tsiaj ntawm genus.
Hauv Tebchaws Europe, lawv tau kawm txog calamus ntau tom qab, thiab rau ntau pua xyoo cov nroj tsuag tau suav hais tias "zais cia" thiab cov khoom muaj tej yam yees siv tau raug vim nws. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv coob thov tau candied rhizomes ntawm calamus, candied nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo candied, uas tau suav hais tias yog ib qho zoo kawg nkaus delicacy. Thiab tam sim no, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo candied yog siv rau kev ua cov ntxhiab tsw qab rau hauv cov khoom qab zib thiab lwm cov khoom lag luam confectionery.
Cov Huab Cua Ib txwm, lossis Swamp Cua, lossis Cane Cua, lossis Irish Cag (Acorus calamus). © per.aasenCov npe muaj npe nrov - Ntxhoo los ntawm cov neeg Greek thaum yav dhau los "ἄκορος", feem ntau yuav nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab ntawm "dab tuag" - thiab muaj feem xyuam nrog qhov tsis raug ntawm cov inflorescences muaj xim ntsuab-daj. Lavxias lub npe ntawm cov genus - Huab cua los ntawm lub npe Turkish ntawm cov nroj tsuag no - ağir. Folk sib txawv ntawm cov npe ntawm calamus: "yaver", "yer", "irish hauv paus", "ir", "gair", "calamus", "orcat", "tortillas", "saber", "Tatar saber" thiab "Tatar potion "
Mis nyuj Marsh hlob nyob rau sab Asia, Europe, North America, thiab pom nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Europe thiab sab qab teb ntawm Siberia mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj.
Cov Huab Cua ib txwm, kuj - marsh, reed, lossis Irish hauv paus. © per.aasen 
Cov Huab Cua ib txwm, tseem ua pa, xaum, lossis Irny cag. © Robert Svensson 
Irrigation hauv paus. © lonepineherbalKev piav qhia ntawm calamus hav iav
Cua hav iav - perennial nyom nrog ib lub paj paj-kev coj tus kheej stalk. Hauv European feem ntawm Russia, cov nroj tsuag neeg laus muaj qhov siab ntawm 50 txog 120 cm.
Lub vias vias yog kab rov tav, sinuous, nrog lub cheeb txog li 3 cm, ntev ntawm 1.5 m, thiab los ntawm hauv qab nws yog cog nrog ntau qaum-zoo li keeb kwm mus txog 50 cm ntev, teem nyob rau hauv ib kab. Rhizomes yog nyob yuav luag nyob rau saum npoo ntawm av. Lub saj ntawm calamus rhizome yog iab, nrog ntsim thiab tom qab aftertaste. Qhov tsis hnov tsw yog qhov muaj zog thiab ntsim.
Calamus nplooj yog lub teeb ntsuab ntsuab, xiphoid, 2-5 qhov dav thiab 60-120 cm ntev, nyob rau hauv cov nyias muaj nyias ntawm cov nplooj saum thiab cov ceg rau ib sab ntawm rhizomes. Lub qia yog erect, zoo ib yam li nplooj. Cov nplooj sawv ua ke ib leeg, ib puag ncig ntawm lub qia loj kom qhov inflorescence, zoo li nws, tawm ntawm nruab nrab ntawm nplooj.
Lub paj ntawm calamus bog yog bisexual, me me, greenish-daj. Nyob rau hauv European ib feem ntawm Russia blooms nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj - Lub Xya hli ntuj. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo - qhuav oblong berries ntawm xim liab lossis xim ntsuab.
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Russia thiab Western Tebchaws Europe, calamus marshy tawm tshwj xeeb rau kev noj zaub - los ntawm cov pob zeb tawg, uas yog tsim thaum dej khov dej lossis dej ntws tawm thiab ntab hauv dej kom txog thaum lawv tuaj txog ntug hiav txwv thiab dej. Peb tsob ntoo tsis txi txiv, vim hais tias nws tsis zoo rau thaj av ntawd, thiab tsis muaj kab uas yuav tawg nws.
Pa cua. © H. ZellKev siv ntawm calamus thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo
Lub hauv paus (lossis irish) hauv paus muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg, tab sis tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog cov roj tseem ceeb. Cov kua dej tuab no nrog cov ntxhiab tsw qab thiab ntsim-iab saj yog siv los npaj cov lus sau, ntxiv rau cov kua dej, compotes, hlais ntawm calamus rhizomes, hais kom haus dej cawv los npaj ntau vodkas thiab cawv, lawv muab tso rau hauv cov tais diav los hloov cov kua txob thiab qhiav, thiab siv hauv perfumery kev lag luam thiab tsev tshuaj pleev ib ce. Txoj kev lis ntshav ntawm cov cag nyom pab tau zoo nrog poob qab los noj mov, thiab cov hmoov zoo los ntawm rhizomes yog pom zoo rau kev kub siab.
Cov tshuaj uas muaj hauv cov plaub hau ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg ntawm lub saj saj, nce qab los noj mov, txhim kho kev zom zaub mov, thiab nce lub tso pa tawm ntawm cov kua txiv. Calamus rhizomes kuj tseem muaj tshuaj los tiv thaiv, qhov txhab ua kom zoo, ua kom loog, ua kom yoog. Huab cua ua suab nrov rau lub siab, ntxiv dag zog rau cov hlab ntshav ntawm lub hlwb thiab thiaj li txhim kho kev nco, txhim kho kev pom kev zoo.
Kev sau ntawm cov dej hauv paus
Cov tuab tuab ntawm calamus hav iav (nyob rau hauv Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Siberia, Far East) thiab qhov yooj yim ntawm kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv nyoos (thaum lub sijhawm txo qis dej hauv dej ntws, rhizomes tuaj yeem rub tawm ntawm dej nrog lub suab thaj) tsim cov kev mob siab rau sau cov nroj tsuag no. Cov ntawv sib dhos uas tau muab ntxuav yog ntxuav hauv dej txias, cov hauv paus hniav thiab nplooj yog txiav tawm, qhuav hauv huab cua rau ob peb hnub. Tom qab ntawd, cov rhizomes ntev tau txiav rau hauv daim nrog ib qhov ntev ntawm 15-20 cm, tuab sawv daws yuav sib cais thiab qhuav hauv qab cov nplooj ntoo, decomposed hauv ib txheej. Nws yuav tsum tsuas yog nco ntsoov tias nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom qhuav lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kub tsis tshaj 30 degrees, txwv tsis pub cov roj tseem ceeb yuav nrawm sai sai.
Zoo-qhuav daim ntawm rhizomes yuav tsum tsis txhob khoov, tab sis tawg. Thaum lub sijhawm so, lawv muaj lub ntsej muag dawb-liab dawb (qee zaus nrog daj lossis daj tint). Lub txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom nyoos yog 2-3 xyoos.
