Elderberry dub dub Lace Sambucus Nigeria Dub Kev Zoo Nkauj cog qoob loo thiab zov duabElderberry yog cov nroj tsuag tseem ceeb ntawm tsev neeg Adoksovy chav kawm dicotyledonous nroj tsuag. Rov qab rau xyoo 70 ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, qhov tsob ntoo no tau muab rau tsev neeg ntawm honeysuckle, tab sis xyoo 2003 kev faib tawm APG II tau tshaj tawm, qhov twg elderberry, zoo li viburnum, tau muab rau Adoksov tsev neeg.
Lub genus Elderberry (Sambucus) suav nrog plaub plaub tsiaj ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag. Nws pom nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw huab cua huab cua ntawm Europe thiab Asia, North Africa, Australia. Nws nquag muaj nyob rau hauv Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, thiab nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Russia. Nws feem ntau hlob raws li txheej nruab nrab ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv cov hav zoov uas muaj kab thiab hav zoov, nyob ntawm cov npoo, raws txoj kev, thiab loj hlob sai, tsim cov tuab tuab. Elderberry tau paub rau noob neej rau ntau pua xyoo, hais txog nws tau pom hauv cov ntawv ntawm Pliny (1 xyoo pua AD).
Cov lus qhia Elderberry
Elderberry dub hauv toj roob hauv pes tsim duab Dab tsi ua dub elderberry zoo li
Elderberry, feem ntau yog ib tsob ntoo me lossis ntoo me, yog li ntawm 2 txog 10 m siab. Muaj cov nroj tsuag nroj nyob hauv cov genus, piv txwv li, "elderberry grassy". Txawm li cas los xij, peb yuav them ntau dua rau cov dub elderberry, ua tus neeg sawv cev tshaj plaws ntawm cov laus genus.
Dub elderberry yog perennial woody tsob ntoo. Cov ceg yog tuab, nyias. Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov qog ntsuab muaj xim ntsuab, tab sis, loj hlob ntxiv, tau txais cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xim grey, npog nrog "me me teev". Cov nplooj ntawv muaj qhov tsis muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm nplooj ntev ntev, tag nrho ntev ntawm nplooj tuaj yeem ncav cuag txog 30 cm.
Elderberry blooms nyob rau hauv lig May. Loj, ntau tshaj 20 cm inch, tiaj inflorescences muaj paj dawb lossis lub teeb beige ntawm 0.8 cm txhua. Cov aroma ntawm elderberry flowering muaj zog, me ntsis ua pa nyob ze. Thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav - ib qho txhuam ntawm dub berries nrog noob. Cov berries lawv tus kheej yog cov me, tsawg tshaj li ib xees. Sab hauv yog cov khoom siv liab plooj.
Elderberry yog cov cog nrawm, thiab txawm tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev, yog li ntawd, kev saib xyuas yuav tau them rau ntawm no tsis yog rau nws cog, kev saib xyuas thiab tsim, tab sis kuj rau nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo, nrog rau xwm txheej uas nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj xwm txheej.
Ua li cas thiab thaum cog cov laus
Elderberry dub dub kev zoo nkauj cog thiab kho duab
Nws yog qhov zoo dua tso elderberry los ntawm sab qaum teb lossis sab hnub tuaj ntawm qhov chaw. Coj mus rau hauv tus account tias cov ceg hluas muaj lub pungent heev, ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb uas kho cov kab, yog li lawv tsis cog cov ntoo laus nyob ze cov tsev, tab sis tso lawv nyob ze cov chaw tso quav, tsev ntxhua khaub ncaws, nplooj lwg. Yog tias koj xav cog ze ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tiaj, qhov chaw tib neeg los ntawm ib lub sijhawm rau ib zaug, tom qab ntawd qhov tsis muaj yoov tshaj cum yuav yog qhov zoo nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, cov nroj tsuag tsis yog tshwj xeeb xav tau, tab sis ib qho ntxoov ntxoo los sis acidic av yuav cuam tshuam loj heev rau nws txoj kev txhim kho.
Ib tug paub gardener paub hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los alkalize cov av ntse ntsuav, thiab rau elderberry - ob peb xyoos ua ntej cog nroj tsuag. Thiab rau cov pib tshiab peb hais kom: liming cov av yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev ntxiv dolomite hmoov rau nws (hnub no txoj kev kho mob nrov tshaj plaws rau cov av acidification). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws pH rau elderberry yog 6 -6.5.
Thaum cog cov ntoo no, muab kev nyiam rau ib lossis ob xyoos ua noob, xaiv qhov chaw ci ntsa iab rau nws thiab, zoo li niaj zaus, cog rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lossis caij nplooj zeeg.
Txhawm rau cog qhov, npaj ua ntej, koj tseem yuav xav tau:
- humus - lub thoob;
- phosphates - 50 g;
- potash chiv - 30g.
Nyob rau hauv lub qhov (tob 80 cm, dav 50 cm), peb nchuav sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom tau teev tseg thiab sab saud, av txheej hauv lub ntiaj teb (qhov no yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thaum lub sijhawm khawb lub qhov). Peb siv li ob feem peb thiab tawm mus so rau ib hlis. Twb tau thaum cog ntawm cov yub, peb tau daws qhov sib xyaw rau hauv qhov, ua kom lub noob tawg, ntxiv cov hauv paus hniav nrog cov av sib xyaw los ntawm lub qhov taub, thiab tom qab ntawd mus txog qhov kawg thib peb.
Yuav ua li cas cog elderberry
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub hauv paus caj dab ntawm tsob ntoo yuav tsum yog ob peb centimeters siab dua qib ntawm qhov chaw, txawm li cas los xij, tom qab tamping thiab ywg dej (ib lub thoob lossis ib nrab), cov yub yuav sag thiab yuav nyob rau tib theem nrog rau cov av txuas ntxiv.
Feem ntau, cov laus elderberry yog cog zoo li tsob ntoo, thiab yog tias ib tus neeg xav cog ntoo, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum xav txog kev txhawb nqa thiab thaum cog, khawb hauv kem uas tsim nyog, thiab tom qab ntawd khi ib lub noob rau nws.
Laus Lub Caij Ua Haujlwm Kho Mob
Caij nplooj ntoo hlav
Cov ntoo wintered raug zam los ntawm cov khoom ua kom sov nyob ze ntawm cov qhov cuab yeej, los ntawm nplooj thiab lwm cov khoom khib nyiab hauv lub qhov. Yog tias lub caij ntuj no tsis muaj daus, thiab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav qhuav, tom qab lub caij nplooj ntoo dej yuav tsum tau nqa tawm.
Moog saib qhov dlaav zoo. Yog tias muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm nas los yog huab cua tsis zoo, tom qab ntawd kho lawv nrog kev daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate thiab foob nrog vaj var. Sai li lub hnub ci ntsa iab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tshwm sim, nws muaj ib lub sijhawm ntawm tsob ntoo kom kub nyhiab, vim tias cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov ntoo sov tuaj thaum nruab hnub thiab txias heev thaum hmo ntuj, nqis rau te. Xws li cov sib txawv pom meej meej tsis pom zoo ntawm tsob ntoo. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj, cov ntoo yuav tsum tau muab ci nrog txiv qaub, tuab txaus kom thiaj li pom cov txheej uas tseem ceeb nyob ntawm daim tawv ntoo.
- Ua ntej pib qhov ntws, prune elderberry. Lub hav txwv yeem zoo tsim. Los ntawm cov qauv, cov duab ntawm lub hav txwv yeem yog oval, tsis yog sprawling, yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem tawm cov duab no lossis hom ua koj saj.
- Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov ceg qhuav thiab te-tawm, kom tshem cov qia ua hauv cov hav txwv yeem, nws raug nquahu kom tshem tawm li ib feem peb ntawm cov ceg qub nyob ib qho twg.
- Nco ntsoov txiav ntawm qhov chaw pib tua. Tom qab ntawd, kua nplaum rau cov ntu nrog hom vaj, thiab kho cov hav txwv yeem nrog Bordeaux kua lossis Nitrofen, prophylactically los ntawm cov kab tsuag uas tswj kom lub caij ntuj no hauv cov tawv ntoo lossis hauv cov nplooj nyob ze ntawm cov hav zoov.
Lub caij ntuj sov
Elderberry loj hlob sai heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws tsim cov txiaj ntsig zoo:
- sij hawm ywg dej;
- tshuaj tua kab thiab kab mob;
- loosening ntawm cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm pob tw;
- mulching ntawm pob tw vajvoog;
- cov khoom noj ntxiv.
Tom qab lub sijhawm tawg paj, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tshuaj tsuag los ntawm kab tsuag thiab kab mob. Ib zaug ntxiv, ua tib zoo tshem tawm cov hauv paus tua, txwv tsis pub koj yuav plam me ntsis thiab nws yuav dhau lub hav txwv yeem lossis, txawm tias tsis zoo, pib nkag mus raws thaj chaw. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv ib qho kev nthuav dav no, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov laus ntawm lub hauv paus laus los ntawm kev khawb qee qhov chaw khuam siab, piv txwv li ib daig ntawm pob zeb, kom tob li ib nrab ntawm ib meter.
Qhov kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov tuaj yeem nqa thawj cov qoob loo ntawm cov berries. Thiab cov caij ntuj nag tuaj yeem tuaj yeem nqa cov kev rov qab ua ntu zus ntawm tua. Dab tsi nrog qhov tseeb uas nrog lwm tus peb paub tias yuav ua li cas.
Poob
Lub caij nplooj zeeg yog lub sij hawm sau thiab npaj rau lub caij ntuj no.
Peb sau, ua noj jam, jam, berries qhuav. Peb npaj lub hav zoov rau lub caij ntuj no:
- peb nqa tawm "huv" pruning (xaus rau lub Cuaj Hli);
- peb khawb qhov tsaws qhov, thov siv cov chiv, mulch cov av (xaus rau lub Cuaj Hli);
- yog tias koj npaj cog ib qho elderberry nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, tom qab ntawd lub lim tiam dhau lub Cuaj Hli yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev khawb lub qhov;
- yog tias lub caij nplooj zeeg, nws yuav tsum tso dej kom zoo ua ntej lub caij ntuj no;
- kev ua cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov kab tsuag tuaj txog lub caij ntuj no (Lub Kaum Hli);
- whitewash nrog slaked txiv qaub (Lub kaum hli ntuj).
Cia peb tham ntau yam ntxiv txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm elderberry. Yog tias tsis pom muaj kab thiab pom kabmob, ces yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ib xyoos ob zaug. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj no:
- Bordeaux kua;
- Nitrofen (tov 3%);
- tooj liab sulfate (1% kev daws);
- urea (7% tov) - cuam tshuam rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, vim tias nws tseem yuav ua kom cov nitrogen chiv.
Lub sijhawm ntawm thawj txheej txheem yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum ntxov, ua ntej pib lub caij cog qoob loo, thiab zaum ob yog lub caij nplooj zeeg, tom qab nplooj poob.
Elderberry yuav nug rau dej tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib lub caij ntuj sov qhuav heev
tom qab ntawv koj yuav tsum nchuav txog li ob thoob hauv qab tsob ntoo ib lis piam. Yog hais tias lub caij ntuj sov yog nrog ib theem li ntawm dej nag, thiab koj kuj mulched lub pob tw vajvoog, tom qab ntawd qee zaum xoob av hauv qab hav zoov, txiav tawm cov nroj yuav zoo txaus. Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov noob, ntawm chav kawm, xav tau ntau dua kev saib xyuas scrupulous - ob qho tib si watering thiab loosening, tab sis qhov no yog ib ntus kom txog thaum elderberry muaj zog dua.
Yog hais tias cov av yog fertile, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub Bush mulch los ntawm compost los yog rotted manure, elderberry tsis tas yuav tsum tau pub. Ntawm cov av tsis zoo, cov chiv keeb nitrogen tsis yog cov muaj hmoov ntau. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov noob chiv uas neeg nyiam: slurry, tso tawm cov nqaij qaib. Cov pob zeb hauv av ua tau zoo yog tsim nyog. Fertilize nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
- Kev saib xyuas ntawm lub vaj thiab hauv ntej lub vaj muaj xws li yuav tsum pruning ntawm cov ntoo thiab shrubs.
- Thaum cog elderberry, nws cov ceg tua tau ntev li 10 cm ntawm qhov muaj zog sab hauv.
- Cov txheej txheem qub yog nqa tawm txhua txhua peb lub xyoos los ua kom zoo siab ntawm Bush, hu ua pruning.
- Cov kev cai rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tau piav qhia saum toj no.
- Autumn pruning yog tsom rau tshem tawm ceg puas los ntawm cua los yog sau.
Nco ntsoov tias elderberry yog siv nyob rau hauv chaw ua si kab lis kev cai raws li ib tsob nroj rau hedges, yog li nws yooj yim hloov pruning thiab tso cai rau koj los tsim ntau yam duab.
Yog tias koj siv elderberry, tom qab ntawd nco ntsoov tias cov txiv ntoo uas muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws yog ceg ntoo 2-3 xyoos, thiab tom qab xyoo rau xyoo sau rau ntawm cov ceg ntawd yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias tsis muaj.
Cov laus tshaj tawm
Muaj vegetative thiab noob hom kev luam.
Laus kev cog qoob loo
Kev hais tawm cov laus laus cov noob ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo yog tias koj yuav cov noob varietal hauv cov khw tshwj xeeb, txij li cov noob sau los ntawm tsob ntoo tsis khaws lawv cov niam txiv cov cwj pwm thiab tsuas yog qhov kev ua si tsiaj loj hlob.
Elderberry black noob sau qoob duab
- Elderberry seedlings tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm noob, tseb lawv nyob rau lub Ob Hlis - Lub Peb Hlis Ntuj hauv cov ntim nrog cov av kom zoo los sis npaj av-av.
- Nco ntsoov tias yuav tsum muaj kev qhib qhib nyob hauv qab ntawm lub thawv tsaws rau cov dej kom nqus dej.
- Cov noob yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv qhov av ntiav, tsis ntau tshaj li 1-1.5 cm Qhov nrug ntawm cov noob yog 4-5 cm, tab sis nws zoo dua yog tias koj cog rau hauv khob cais.
- Dej thiab npog nrog zaj duab xis.
- Peb tau tsim kom txog rau thaum tshwm sim 1 zaug nyob rau ib hnub, tom qab lub vaj tse peb tshem tawm.
- Thaum cov yub loj zuj zus me ntsis, lawv hloov mus rau qhov chaw ntim ntau dua los ntawm kev hloov tsheb.
Tsuas yog muaj zog tsob ntoo cog rau hauv av hauv caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Yuav ua li cas hais tawm cov laus laus duab dub
Nws yuav muaj peev xwm cog cov ntoo hauv av tsuas yog lwm xyoo nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, thaum lawv muaj lub zog txaus. Muaj lub zog tau dhau lub caij ntuj sov, lawv yuav muaj peev xwm npaj rau lub caij ntuj no.
Tau feem ntau feem ntau elderberry yog propagated vegetatively:
- txheej txheej;
- txiav;
- faib cov hav txwv yeem.
Kev hais tawm los ntawm txheej txheej - txoj kev nrov vim tias 100% ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Peb khoov ceg tub ntxhais hluas rau hauv av, tom qab nphoo cov quav tsiaj nyob rau hauv qhov zawj, peb tso nws, tawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov tua saum. Txhawm rau kom paub tseeb dua ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem nias lub ceg ntoo mus rau hauv av nrog hlau pob khawm. Ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov tua rub tawm cov hlau.
- Yog hais tias qhov txheej txheem no tau ua tiav nrog qhov pib ntawm lub tshav kub ruaj khov, siv ib qho kev txhav, thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, lub hauv paus tua tau muab cais tawm ntawm leej niam thiab muab hloov mus rau qhov chaw tshiab.
- Nrog cov yub ntsuab nws yooj yim dua, lawv tsis tas yuav tsum muab cov ntaub qhwv puag, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau cog rau lwm xyoo, thaum lawv dhau los ua txhav.
- Xws li cov yub thiab tshwj xeeb tsis tas yuav tsum muab kho, lawv yog qhov muag muag heev, uas yog, khawb thiab rau lub caij tom ntej koj tau cog cov khoom.
Yuav ua li cas propagate elderberry cuttings
Elderberry dub hais tawm los ntawm txiav
Thaum txiav cog cov khoom tawg yog qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus ntsuab txog li 25 cm ntev. Qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntej yog muaj 2-3 ntu thiab ob daim nplooj ua ke. Peb ua cov txheej txheem qis ntawm cov shank nrog cov tshuaj txhawb kom loj hlob ntawm cov hauv paus hniav thiab cog nws hauv qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab peat ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Yog lawm, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog cov tub ntxhais hluas tua, nraus los ntawm ceg nrog "pob taws", vim tias nws nyob ntawd tias cov hauv paus hniav sai heev yuav mus.
- Kev txiav tawm yuav tsum tsim kom muaj tsev cog khoom (koj tuaj yeem npog nrog lub hnab yas siab, ib lub hwj los yog ib feem ntawm tsib tee yas hliv).
- Peb tswj huab cua kom txaus rau thawj lub lis piam: peb muab huab cua tua hauv "tsev cog khoom" los ntawm cov tshuaj atomizer uas tau tawg, koj tsis txhob tuaj rau ntawm nplooj, vim qhov no yuav ua rau lawv lwj.
- Yog tias koj cog cov ntoo thaum ntxov lub caij ntuj sov, tom qab ntawd lub caij nplooj zeeg twb muaj cov cag ntoo lawm thiab cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov chaw ruaj khov.
Daim vis dis aus yuav qhia txog kev tau txais cov laus los ntawm kev txiav ntoo, cog thiab tu:
Thaum lub hom phiaj yog kom tau txais cov neeg laus cog khoom tam sim ntawd, koj tuaj yeem faib elderberry hav txwv yeem
Neeg laus kab tsuag thiab kab mob
Elderberry tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm ib qho kab mob txawv. Ntawm kab tsuag, aphid feem ntau cuam tshuam. Ntawm no, ib qho kev kho mob nrog karbofos yog txaus. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov txwj laus tailed npauj, elderberry nplooj mite lossis elderberry mining ya. Tawm tsam cov kab no, karbofos lossis decis tseem yuav pab, tsuas yog koj yuav tsum tau tsuag ob zaug.
Xav txog cov hom nrov thiab hom elderberry nrog cov duab thiab cov lus piav qhia
Elderberry dub ntau yam thiab duab
Elderberry dub kev saib xyuas thiab sau qoob loo Sambucus nigra duab
Dub elderberry (Latin Sambucus nigra) - cov nroj tsuag uas cov lus no tsuas yog mob siab rau, cuam tshuam nrog peb lub zos, kev yooj yim, tej zaum ib tus neeg nrog tus pog nyob hauv kev hnav khaub ncaws xim. Cov nroj no tuaj yeem siv txhua yam: paj, nplooj, tawv ntoo, txiv ntoo.
Hniav dub elderberry Dub Ntauwd yees duab
Ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tsob ntoo no, ntau cov ntawv dai zoo nkauj tau bred.
Elderberry dub variegate cultivar Marginata Sambucus nigra Marginata cog qoob loo thiab yees duab saib xyuas
Marginate - nplooj muaj nyiaj ciam teb nyob ib ncig ntawm ntug, cov hav txwv yeem tuaj yeem kwv yees li 2.5 m hauv qhov siab, tsim tawm sai heev;
Elderberry dub Madonna cog thiab saib duab yees duab Sambucus nigra 'Madonna'
Lwm qhov txawv ntawm variegate nrog ciam teb daj nyob rau daj ntseg ntsuab nplooj yog Madonna. Kho kom zoo nkauj rau txhua qhov chaw. Huab huab nyob ze ntawm lub paj ntoo tawg paj thiab cov laus ntawm cov xim dawb ci ci yog qhov tsis nco zoo nkauj.
Hniav dub elderberry qib Dub Lace Dub Lace Cov Yees Duab cog thiab saib xyuas
Pulverulenta - ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, hlob qeeb, tab sis muaj nplooj zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv daim tawv dawb nrog kev txav tshee;
Elderberry dub Guincho Perple Sambucus Nigra Guincho Purple duab
Guincho Perple - nyiam nrog cov xim, vim tias cov tub ntxhais hluas tua cov paj yeeb, paj ntoo yog thawj xim ntsuab thiab tom qab ntawd xim doog dawb, cov paj hauv lub paj tau tob, thiab thaum lawv tawg paj, muaj tsuas yog hint ntawm paj yeeb. Daim tsob nroj yog qis, mus txog 2m, thiab ci heev.
Elderberry dub Aurea cog qoob loo thiab saib xyuas Sambucus nigra 'Aurea' Duab
Elderberry dub aurea cov lus piav qhia: siab Bush ncav cuag ib qhov siab ntawm 4 m., Nrog muaj cov cag muaj zog. Kev loj hlob txhua xyoo yog kwv yees li 40 cm. Cov nplooj loj li thaj tsam 25 cm, ib daim tawv muag, cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj lub daj daj, tig ntsuab rau lub sijhawm. Paj dawb, muaj tshuaj tsw qab heev, khaws sau hauv daim ntaub ca. Undemanding rau hauv av. Dub elderberry ntawm no ntau yam nyiam thaj chaw hnub ci. Pom zoo rau kev tsim kho thaj chaw ib puag ncig thiab cog hauv thaj chaw ua si ntawm lub vaj loj. Amazing elderberry dub nrog nplooj daj yuav dai rau txhua qhov chaw!
Elderberry dub zoo nkauj Dub Kev Zoo Nkauj Sambucus Dub Kev Zoo Nkauj
Lwm qhov Pulverulenta ntau qhov zoo nkauj heev, nws yog qhov txaus ntshai ntau yam ntawm dub elderberry. Ib tsob paj ntoo uas txhua tus xav cog. Nws loj mus rau ob (2.5) m hauv qhov siab, nrog qhov kev loj hlob txhua xyoo txog 40 cm. Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws pom yog lub ntsej muag nplooj dawb. Cov nplooj yau tshaj plaws yog cov xim qhuav dua, ua kom nruj nrog cov nplooj tsaus dub. Lub paj yog creamy dawb, fragrant, sau nyob rau hauv loj inflorescences ntawm dub currant. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog me me, kheej kheej, xiav-dub, muaj kua heev. Lawv muaj cov vitamins A, B thiab C, thiab ntau cov piam thaj thiab cov poov tshuaj muaj. Ripen thaum Lub Yim Hli. Lub tswv yim zoo rau kev ua qauv.
Elderberry dub pulvirulent Sambucus nigra Pulverulenta Duab
Pulverulenta tseem muaj sia nyob txawm nyob hauv qhov chaw tsis zoo, av xuab zeb lossis av nplaum, thiab nws tiv taus ntuj qhuav. Cov xim tawv ntawm nplooj tau txais thaum cog thaum hnub ci chaw.Cov nroj tsuag pom tau tias zoo dua, txawm li cas los xij, hauv thaj chaw nrog diffuse tshav.
Qhov no zoo nkaus li zoo nyob rau hauv cov xim muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog lwm cov shrubs nrog cov ntoo nplooj dub. Vim nws txoj kev loj hlob qeeb, nws tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv indifferently hauv vaj tsev me. Vim tias nws qhov kev tawm tsam mus rau kev ua kom muaj kuab paug, nws zoo haum rau kev cog qoob loo rau hauv cov chaw ntsuab thiab chaw ua si hauv nroog. Kuj tsim nyog rau kev tsaws hauv cov thawv loj.
Elderberry dub pulverulent Sambucus nigra Pulverulenta ze duab
Them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau qhov chaw rau cog xws hom ntau yam zoo nkauj, txij li lawv yuav qhia lawv qhov txawv txav tsuas yog hauv qhov chaw hnub ci, thiab hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo yuav nyob li qub - ntsuab.
Tam sim no lub elderberry yog tom ntej nyob rau hauv lem
Elderberry liab Plumeza Aurea Sambucus racemosa plumosa aurea Duab
Tsob ntoo no zoo nkauj tag nrho. Nws tawm los ntawm qhov chaw siab ntawm Western European roob. Nws tuaj yeem loj hlob li 5 ntoo dej, lossis zoo li tsob ntoo. Cov duab ntawm cov yas yog hemispherical, me ntsis elongated. Cov nplooj ntawm liab elderberry yog lub teeb ntsuab, txog 15 cm nyob rau hauv ntev, sau los ntawm 5, los yog 7, nyias serrated nplooj. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, cov nplooj tseem yuav muaj xim av liab lossis liab.
Koj tuaj yeem hnov cov npe ntawm cov neeg: elderberry, tsevornik, squeaker. Lub npe Latin ntawm cov haiv neeg racemosa yog racemose, muab tau los ntawm qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov duab ntawm cov liab elderberry nrog tus txhuam hniav txhuam. Inflorescences sau nyob rau hauv panicle ntawm greenish-dawb me paj nrog lub tsw tsis kaj siab. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ci liab, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tab sis suav tias yog inedible.
Elderberry Sutherland Kub Sambucus Racemosa Sutherland Kub daim duab
Ripe berries tsis poob los ntawm tsob ntoo ntev, uas muab nws zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Hom:
- tsawg
- liab doog - muaj xim paj yeeb lossis xim paj yeeb;
- cirrus - cov nplooj yau yog txiav raws ntug thiab muaj hws liab. Koj tuaj yeem ntsib ntau yam ntawm Plumez Aurea, lub ntsej muag tshwj xeeb ntawm cov xim daj openwork nplooj, ntxiv rau Sutherland Kub nrog kub ntoo kub;
- yellowish, vim hais tias cov berries yog daj, thiab ib sab yog xim txiv kab ntxwv;
- nyias-leaved - cov nplooj muaj cov ntu nyias nyias, cov nplooj muaj cov paj burgundy.
Peb muab ntau cov piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj ntawm elderberry.
Laus xiav
Elderberry xiav Sambucus cerulea duab
Ib tsob ntoo siab dua, feem ntau kwv yees li 15 m, yog neeg nyob ntawm thaj chaw dej nyab thiab roob siab ntawm North America. Muaj tseem yog ib daim ntawv shrubby nrog nyias ceg thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas tua ntawm raspberry ntxoov ntxoo. Lub pob tw ntawm tsob ntoo thiab tsob ntoo yog daj-beige, thiab nplooj muaj lub ntsej muag xiav. Cov nplooj ntawv muaj li 5-7 daim duab liab ntev ntev 6-15 cm nyob ntev.
Lub paj yog me me, dawb nrog daj daj lossis beige hue, sau hauv inflorescences txog li 15 cm, muaj tus cwj pwm tsis hnov tsw. Nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav - xiav-dub berries, nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm ib nrab ib centimeter. Muaj lub paj tawg paj xiav ntawm xiav xiav elderberry, uas ua rau nws zoo nkaus li xiav tiag. Nws nyiam dua qhov sov sov qhov ntev, vim tias nws yuav tsis khov-tiv taus.
Siberian elderberry
Elderberry Siberian liab duab
Cov subspecies ntawm liab elderberry tiv thaiv ntau dua rau cov dej khov, yog li ntawd nws loj hlob hauv Siberia, Sab Hnub Tuaj, thiab European Russia. Qhov chaw nyiam - sib xyaw lossis hav zoov hav zoov hav zoov, toj siab. Siberian elderberry yog tsob ntoo lush txog li 4 m siab. Nws tseem hu ua liab elderberry rau cov xim ntawm cov txiv ntoo, uas siav, los ntawm txoj kev, thaum lub Xya Hli - txog Lub Yim Hli Ntuj. Ripe berries yog edible, tab sis tsis nrov. Tab sis cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau mob plab, xeev siab, mob plab, mob taub hau, doge tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
Txiaj Ntsig Neeg laus
Elderberry hav nyom Sambucus ebulus duab
Qhov no yog qhov perennial tshuaj ntsuab nrog erect stems mus txog qhov siab ntawm 1.5 m. Cov neeg hu nws lub hav zoov elderberry los yog smelly elderberry, rau lub pungent tsw ntawm paj. Hauv cov tsiaj qus, nws yog ib tus neeg nyob hauv hav zoov, npoo, thaj chaw dej nyab, thiab roob toj ntawm Central Russia, Ukraine, thiab Belarus. Nplooj yog muab tso rau ntawm ntev petioles thiab muaj 9-11 nqaim serrate ntawv xov xwm. Paj yog sau nyob rau hauv inflorescences, upright, dawb los yog pinkish paj.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv cov txiv ntoo - lub drupes dub li dub, zoo nkauj heev hauv tsos thiab yooj yim rau menyuam yaus. Peb yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib, vim tias txhua feem ntawm cov laus ntawm cov nyom laus muaj tshuaj lom (muaj hydrocyanic acid). Qee cov ntawv nyeem tau piav qhia txog kev siv cov cawv no rau kev npaj cawv thiab lwm yam dej cawv, qhov no yog moot taw tes. Tam sim no, yog tias koj cog tus txiv ntoo laus ntawm curry ntawm elderberry, ces qhov no yuav hem tawm cov teeb meem butterflies thiab zuam. Tab sis muaj ib qhov rho tawm - cov nroj tsuag no muaj lub zog qia, yog li tshem tawm elderberry los ntawm currants yuav muaj teeb meem. Thaum lub sij hawm ziab ntawm cov paj, qhov tsis hnov tsw tsw ploj thiab txiv apples yog nchuav dua lawv rau kev cia.
Elderberry Canadian
Elderberry Canadian Sambucus canadensis yees duab
Nws cov chaw ib txwm yog thaj av nplua nuj hauv North America. Cov av cog qoob loo nyiam cov nroj tsuag no vim nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Tseeb: ib daim nplooj loj loj mus txog 30 cm yam ntxwv ntawm elderberry, lub kaus ntxhw zoo nkauj ntawm cov dawb inflorescences ncav cuag 25 cm hauv txoj kab uas hla, tassels ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo bard tsaus, tseem tuaj yeem siv tau. Txuas ntxiv qhov kev nyab xeeb ntxiv rau thaj chaw nruab nrab.
Ob peb cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj tuaj yeem sau tseg:
- maxim - yog qhov txawv los ntawm lub zog;
- akutibola - ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kev sib tw, nrog quav quav tawv;
- chlorocarp - hauv cov ntoo muaj daj tint, thiab cov kua ntsuab yog ntsuab;
- aurea - nws cov nplooj tsuas ntsuab nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, thiab daj thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoo hlav.
Sibold Elderberry
Sibucus elderberry Sambucus sieboldiana duab
Sab hnub tuaj txheeb ze ntawm elderberry liab. Ntuj halo - Nyiv, Kuril Islands, Far East. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, daim foos cog yog loj hlob - tsob ntoo muaj zog (ntoo lossis hav txwv yeem) txog li 8 m siab muaj nplooj loj (20x6 cm). Inflorescences yog xoob, racemose, loj.
Txwj Laug Hawj
Elderberry fluffy duab
Nws tau txais nws lub npe vim qhov tseeb tias cov tub ntxhais hluas tua poob qis. Teb chaws yog North America. Cultivars - ib plaub-meter shrub. Nws tawg paj hauv lub Tsib Hlis, qhov xim ntawm lub inflorescences yog dawb, qee zaum nrog daj zas, qee zaum nrog paj yeeb. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo - liab cov noob nrog cov noob - siav nyob rau hauv Lub Xya Hli.
Koj tuaj yeem sau cov ntawv nrog cov xim sib txawv ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo:
- xanthocarpa - txiv kab ntxwv daj - txiv kab ntxwv;
- leucocarpa - txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb.
Elderberry Siv thiab Ceev Faj
Dub elderberry yog cov nroj tsuag zoo, txhua feem ntawm nws tuaj yeem siv tau. Thiab tsis nyob rau hauv vain.
Ntawm no yog daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj pab uas muaj nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag no:
- hauv cov nplooj yog cov organic acids (malic, valerianic, acetic, chlorogenic, kas fes), carotene (provitamin A, xws li hauv carrots), tannins (tshem tawm cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob me me), choline (vitamin B4), vitamin C (0.28%) thiab lwm yam.;
- hauv cov paj - cov roj tseem ceeb, valerianic, malic thiab caffeic acids, choline, rutin thiab lwm tus;
- nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo - kuj tseem carotene, malic acid, ntxiv rau - ascorbic acid, piam thaj, fructose thiab qabzib, resin thiab xim teeb meem;
- nyob rau hauv lub cortex - choline, phytosterol (cov roj cholesterol nruab nrab), cov roj yam tseem ceeb.
Nplooj yog siv tshiab ua ib qho compress rau hlawv, rwj, txiav. Sij hawm dhau los, daim ntawv xav tau los muab zog. Cov nplooj muaj cov antipyretic, diaphoretic, diuretic effect, nrog rau qhov ua kom mob me me.
Muaj cov tshuaj hauv zos rau kev cem quav ntev. Rau nws cov kev npaj nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los rhaub cov tub ntxhais hluas tua nyob rau hauv zib ntab, txias, ntws thiab coj "elderberry zib ntab" sab hauv.
Los ntawm cov paj tshiab koj tuaj yeem ua tshuaj yej nrog ntxiv ntawm lemongrass, mint
Tonic ntawm cov laus elderberry paj yuav thov cov tawv nqaij. Nws tau npaj yooj yim: 10 inflorescences raug nchuav nrog ib nrab ib liv ntawm cov dej npau, hais kom nyob ib hnub, lim thiab khaws cia hauv tub yees.
Ntau qhov los yog da dej los ntawm laus cov tawv ntoo pab ua rau mob caj dab, mob rheumatism, gout. Kev ua kom zoo nkauj yog pom zoo rau cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab lub raum.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij thrifty niam tsev ua blanks. Qhov feem ntau dav siv inflorescences thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov paj yuav tsum tau qhuav, ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov cai ntawm kev ziab, vim lawv nyiam ntxim rau cov av noo siab.
Nws raug nquahu kom xaiv cov paj ntawm qhuav, ntshiab thaum tav su tom qab noj su ...
txiav cov ntxhib ntxoo kom luv li sai tau, qhuav ib leeg lossis hauv tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, tsis tshaj li qhov kub txog 35ing. So cov ntaub ntawv qhuav dhau los ntawm cov ntawv yas, pov tseg cov ntxhib, khaws cia cov paj qhuav rau 2, ntev kawg 3 xyoos. Peb ua tib yam nrog cov txiv ntseej, tsuas yog lub txee lub neej ntawm cov txiv ntoo qhuav yog txo rau 6 lub hlis.
Nws tsim nyog nco qab txog koj cov kev npaj thaum lub caij ua kom mob khaub thuas, vim tias nws yog kua zaub uas muaj cov kab mob tua thiab diaphoretic. Ua cov khoom qab zib yog yooj yim: ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1 tablespoon ntawm paj, ncuav ib khob ntawm dej npau npau thiab tawm ntawm cov cua sov tsawg rau ib lub hlis twg ntawm ib teev. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum txias, lim thiab haus peb zaug ib hnub hauv ib nrab khob.
Ib qho tsim kom zoo ntawm txhua feem ntawm elderberry yog siv los tswj cov metabolism. Cov paj qhuav nphoo txiv ntoo npleem muab tso rau cia.
Elderberry nyob ib sab ntawm ib tug txiv neej rau ntau pua xyoo
Lub npe Latin rau elderberry yog Sambucus sambucus. Ib qho ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm lub npe no yog los ntawm lub npe ntawm Iranian Iranian sambuza twj paj nruag, uas tau ua los ntawm elderberry.
Peb cov poj koob yawm txwv pom ntau txoj kev siv rau cov ntoo no. Ib ntawm lawv yog raws qhov teeb meem xim ntawm laus txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Elderberry kua txiv dyed ntaub: paj rwb, linen, hemp thiab silk. Nws muab tawm dub, thiab thaum tov nrog alum, xiav tawm los. Muaj tsau elderberry kua txiv nrog vinegar, peb tau txais kua mem. Cov ntxhais ntxhais hauv zos blackened lawv lub pob muag nrog kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Siv txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab paj rau ua qab haus
Piv txwv li, los ntawm cov paj tshiab, kua txiv qaub, zest thiab dej tom qab fermentation, lub teeb haus dej haus tau txais. Ntawm fermented berries lawv tsav vodka. Elderberry kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov npe nrov hauv Italian Sambuca liqueur. Daim ntawv qhia tseeb rau nws txoj kev npaj tau khaws zais ntshis, tab sis tus kws tsim khoom hauv tsev hais kom ua cov dej haus lawv tus kheej thiab nws suav nrog cov xim dub elderberry paj.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, thawj cov zaub ntsuab tau zoo siab nyob hauv cov zos, yog li ntawd lawv tau ua cov zaub xam lav los ntawm ntau cov nroj tsuag hluas, suav nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas elderberry tua ntxiv rau cov zaub nyoos. Yog tias koj xav sim, yog li rov qab rau cov hauv paus hniav, tom qab ntawd nco ntsoov tias cov tub ntxhais hluas laus laus tua muaj laxative thiab diuretic effect.
Jam tsim los ntawm dub elderberry
Cov ntawv qhia yog yooj yim: ib txheej txheej ntawm cov txiv duav tau sib xyaw nrog ib txheej qab zib thiab yog li ntau txheej (rau 1 kg ntawm berries 1 kg suab thaj); cia sawv ntsug rau ib hnub, boil rau 15 feeb thiab ncuav rau hauv sterile jars.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum cov ntoo raug hwm, laus yog txawm tswm seeb. Nws tau ntseeg tias txiav ib tsob ntoo laus laus ntoo uas ywj siab loj ntawm lub tshav puam yog hmoov tsis zoo, thiab ua ntej yuav ntsib kev sib tham nrog cov nroj tsuag no sai, cov txiv neej hle lawv lub kaus mom. Txoj kev hwm no tsis yog kaw.
Hippocrates tseem ntseeg tias elderberry tuaj yeem kho ntau lub kaum os kab mob. Thiab Zikkerot (tus kws kho mob ntawm 18 xyoo pua) tau pom zoo tias txhua tus niam tsev tau zas cov txiv laus ua paj hauv tsev, thiab nws zoo rau mob khaub thuas lossis mob raum thiab zais zis.
Npaj los ntawm berries thiab hluas cawu cub.
Koj xav tau peb-litre muaj peev xwm ntawm kua txiv thiab ib khob suab thaj los yog zib mu. Lub hau kaw tau kaw kom nruj thiab cov roj tau tawm los ntawm lub qhov dej. Fermentation nqa tawm hauv qhov chaw sov, tsis muaj hnub ci. Thaum kawg, tus caw yog ntim hauv hwj, corked thiab khaws cia tav toj hauv lub cellar.
Twb tau nyob rau 21st caug xyoo, elderberry tau rov nco txog dua. Nws hloov tawm tias nws txoj kev siv tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav thiab ntshav qab zib. Cov vitamins ntawm pab pawg B nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog sau rau hauv cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau tib neeg.
Koj tuaj yeem tham txog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag no uas paub zoo rau lub qhov muag ntev, tab sis muaj contraindications. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog qhov tsis xav tau rau ib tus neeg ntawm cov khoom siv uas ua cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum pib haus nrog kev haus me me, ua tib zoo mloog lub cev. Koj yuav tsum tau twv yuav tsum tsis txhob noj cov laus hauv ib daim ntawv lossis lwm tus mus rau lub cev xeeb tub thiab pub mis, cov neeg muaj Crohn's, mob plab mob.
Qhov phom sij yog feem ntau lwm yam hom elderberry, piv txwv li cov laus elderberry, uas nws muaj peev xwm tsis meej pem nrog dub elderberry. Muaj ib qho kev pom zoo nkaus xwb: yog tias koj tsis paub meej tias nws cog hom twg, ces nws yog qhov zoo uas yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nws.
